HASS Revision, Medieval Europe

Pls Read: doesn't include Black Death information and i added things i needed to know so dont rely on this for everything

Feudalism

Feudalism

a system used mostly in medieval europe that provided social and economic order

King

they owned all the land of their country, made all the laws and gave right to places of land

nobility

they controlled parts of lands and lived in luxury

Church officials

greatly respected people who were able to make rules on the catholic church

knights

fought in medieval europe and acquired a okay social status which was more than peasants

Peasants

were the least respected people of the feudal system, treated badly, did the dirty work

3 Estates

those who fight, those who pray, those who work

those who fight

if the king wasn’t present, the nobles took charge. they were required round up knights and foot soliders which were poorly trained soliders. knights would protect the king and the land

Those who pray

the clergy and bishops lead religious practices in large cathedrals. monks, priest and nuns would help the poor. this status was cut into 2 which was upper and lower.

Upper and lower, Those who pray

upper enjoyed comfortable lifestyles, often sons of wealthy nobles. lower helped throughout the village with marriage, baptism and funerals

Those who work

craftsmen, artisans were essential to the village. Blacksmiths made armoury and weaponry for the knights, bakers baked bread and beer which was the main source of hydration

role of church in medieval europe

the belief of God was shown by everyone but if not was forced apon. The churched helped everyone throughout everyday life or sacrements of the church

Code of chivalry

the moral standards a knight would use to conduct their life. to be loyal, courageous and strong in battle, separating the knights from peasants.

Knights clothing

wore bright coloured decorated armour to stand out from the crowds and show their higher status

lives of medival woman

quality of life depended on the man they married. If married to nobility, they had a range of chores and responsibilities managing the massive household

Responsibilities of women married to nobility

kitchen, farm, castle, checking the bakehouse, making beer, butter and cheese. women in larger towns would take up jobs like trades, school and doctors. married at 12-14 and was expected to have as much babies until 25

Lady of manor

a trusted, respected figure who participated in leisure activities

medieval medicine

limited understanding of the Human body making death from illness common

Peasant Medieval medicine

they would use herbs and plant based mixtures to treat the sick but heavily relied on prayer

Wealthy Medieval Medicine

bathing separated them from the poor. they inspected disease through urine and faeces of the patient. major surgeries included tooth extractions, amputations and puncturing of the skull

3 field system

divided into 3 fields, 1st was filled with crops, 2nd was left empty to regain nutrients, 3rd was used to agriculture animals. one bad storm was all it took to ruin it all showing how unstable the system was

1st Crusade

goal was to occupy to holy land of Jerusalem in the name of christianity, called upon by pope urban who took control of the kings. they fought several terrible battles with muslims but ended up claiming the Holy land

2nd Crusade

holy land was in christian hands for 31 years until troops returned home and muslim armies arose with over 50,000 people and defeated the unprepared soliders of the holy land

3rd Crusade

christians aimed to regain the holy land. Richard the lion heart and Saladin engaging in many battles in 1191 and richard’s army came out victorious. despite the victory he signed a peace treaty

4th Crusade

pope innocent called for the 4th crusade. originally still trying to reclaim jerusalam from the muslims but ended up causing the sack of consantanople, they basically stole and ruined it

Childrens crusade

crusades became smaller, childrens crusade started in 1212. 1000s of kids leave for the holy land and it is said children who were matched were captured and enslaved

Richard the lion heart

a man who was king of england and leaded the crusades in the 3rd crusade. a warrior and courageous king who gave great progression to england

Gothic arcitecture

emerge in late 1100’s due to advancements in building techniques. it had pointed arches, ripped valts and tapestries and flying buttresses. demonstrated a shift away from roman Arcitecture

Roman architecture

arrised in 1000 ad after fall of roman empire. simple symmetry, semi circular arches, roman pillars and thick stone walls. this arcitecture greatly aided the spread of christianity as many churches were built

Medieval Manuscript: Book of Hours

popular religious script which covered science, litreture and philosophy

Medieval Manuscripts: Dooms Day book

made by William the conquer to record England’s resources and population, divided into 2 (Little and Great doomsday) determined tax and military work

Magna Carta

Document created in 1215, forced upon by the Barrons onto king john who was a bad and greedy king. it limited his power and right over the citizens

Power of Pope in medieval europe

head of the catholic church, everyone followed church giving him great power. he was able to send troops into battle, kick kings of their thrones if they didn’t follow their authority and excomunicate people from the church which had very bad follow up consequences

Serv

a person who was forced to stay in a piece of land

Trial by combat

was a fight to death to be proven innocent, sometimes a champion would be able to fight on their behalf like a lawyer

Trial by ordeal

the persecuted one would have to hold a burning metal rod if in a couple days it showed signs of healing, they would be seen innocent, if not they would be guilty