Enzymes, Exothermic & endothermic reactions (bio review #3)

Activation Energy

Minimum amount of energy required for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.

Catalyst

Substance that speeds up reactions.

Enzyme

Biological catalyst for reactions.

Substrate

Reactant in enzyme catalyst reaction.

Active Site

Enzyme region binding substrate.

Induced Fit Theory

The binding of a substrate to an enzyme causes a change in the shape of the active site to inhibit its activity.

Cofactors & Coenzymes

Helps enzyme do its job of building up or breaking down substrates into products.

Exothermic Reaction

Releases heat during reaction.

Endothermic Reaction

Absorbs heat during reaction.

Exergonic Reaction

Releases energy, spontaneous reaction.

Endergonic Reaction

Absorbs energy, non-spontaneous reaction.

Exothermic Reactions

Releases energy to surroundings (e.g. bonfire).

Endothermic Reactions

Absorbs energy from its surroundings (e.g. snow melting from heat).

Enzymes

Most enzymes are proteins; they’re biological catalysts that can be reused in the reaction.

Enzyme Naming Tip

Enzymes end in “-ase” (e.g. lactase).

Sugar Naming Tip

Sugars end in “-ose” (e.g. lactose).

Lactase

Enzyme that can break down lactose, a disaccharide.

Active Site Function

Where items combine in an enzyme.

Substrate Definition

Surface on which an organism lives; includes abiotic and biotic material.

Energy Diagram

Visual representation of energy changes during exothermic and endothermic reactions.