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what does thyroiditis look like
large, soft, palpable thyroid
hoarseness, neck swelling
thyroiditis US appearance
diffusely enlarged thyroid
slightly irregular echo
hypoechoic
calcs
most common thyroid abnormality
nodular thyroid disease
machine adjustments for US of isthmus
decrease depth
adjust focus at/just below isthmus
transducer to image thyroid
12-18 mhz linear
which salivary gland is sialolithiasis most common in
submandibular
what are the 3 salivary glands & their locations
most common autoimmune disease of salivary glands
sjogren’s disease
palpable midline neck mass in kids (most common congenital neck cyst)
thyroglossal duct cyst
who does hashimoto’s effect most
young/middle aged females
what muscle is posterolateral to thyroid (ant. surface of vert.)
longus coli muscle
strong, deep penile fascia that is superficial to tunica albuginea
buck’s fascia
mondor’s phlebitis
string-like blood clot in superficial dorsal vein of penis
US of mondor’s phlebitis
lack of blood flow
palpable, well-demarcated in midline dorsum of penis; bends towards; w plaque
peyronie’s disease
most common causes of erectile dysfunction/failure
vasculogenic impotence
varicoceles occur on which side more often
left
tunica albuginea cyst
well defined, anechoic, single or multiple
painless scrotal lump
LONG image of testicle
epididymis vs teste on US is…
head (isoechoic or slightly hyperechoic)
body (isoechoic or slightly hypoechoic)
tail (thicker than epi head)
most common location for prostate carcinoma
peripheral zone
PSA normal range
0.0-4.0 ng/ml
cephalic portion of prostate
base (continuous w bladder)
where does BPH originate from
transition zone
medial/lateral view of breast
CC
superior/inferior view of breast
MLO
breast ABC
A (anterior)
B (mid)
C (posterior)
breast 123
1 (inner)
2 (mid)
3 (outer)
when is increased transducer pressure not helpful
performing doppler
breast tissue changes w aging
increased fatty tissue
decreased fibroglandular tissue
what breast cancer is US more effective for than mammogram
invasive lobular carcinoma
midlevel echoes of breast should match which breast tissue
fat
which lymph chain are rotter’s nodes part of
axillary chain (interpectoral)
fremitus maneuver
distinguish borders
what does changing TGCs in the near field do
increase TGC = brighter near field
decrease TGC = darker near field
step ladder sign
intracapsular silicone rupture (US)
US appearance of periosteum
thin, bright line parallel to bone cortex
compartment syndrome
compression of blood vessels & nerves causing cessation of blood flow to that compartment
MSK scan planes
SAX (short axis)
LAX (long axis)
what is NOT evaluated for rotator cuff injury
triceps tendon
baker’s cyst
semimembranosus bursa behind knee
US appearance of normal bursa
small, hypoechoic, flat sac containing a small amount of normal fluid w hyperechoic wall & peribursal fat
what scanning technique uses abundance of gel to avoid using pressure
floating technique
when does anterior fontanelle close
btwn 9-15 mnths
when is spinal US useful until
3-6 mnths
where does conus medularis terminate w tethered cord
L3 or below
transducer for fetal spine
8-15 mhz; high frequency; linear/sector
maneuver to push femoral head out of socket
barlow’s maneuver
scanning plane to assess femoral head & acetabulum
COR, NEUT
transient synovitis
most common cause of hip pain in children (hip effusion)
low grade fever, normal labs
normal value of alpha angle of hip
>60°
terminal myelocystocele
CSD
fluid filled lumbar mass
CSF accumulation
omphalocele
TRANS thyroid label
strap muscles (h,t,omo)
sterno. muscle
R lobe
isthmus
trachea
CCA
IJV
hypervascularity of teste w tenderness & slight fever
epididymitis
microcalcifications in testicle
microlithiasis (infertility)
breast has metastatic tumor (FROM other site)
multiple/bilateral
septic arthritis
cause of hip effusion
high fever, elevated labs (high wbc)
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