HIV Laws: RA 8504 and RA 11166

38\.4 million

Population affected by HIV in 2021

21%

Percentage of increase in HIV cases in the Philippines in 2022 compared to 2021

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AIDS

AIDS

Latent stage of HIV infection that is potentially life threatening

PLHIV

People Living with HIV

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

Treatment regimen for HIV infection by means of taking medicines that prevents the replication of virus in the human body

STD/AIDS Central Cooperative Laboratory (SACCL)

National Reference Laboratory for HIV confirmatory testing

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San Lazaro Hospital

HIV Algorithm

HIV laboratory testing that includes immunoassay followed by Western Blot or Indirect immunofluorescence assay

Western Blot

Widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetic to detect specific protein in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract

CD4 Cells

WBCs specifically T-lymphocytes/T-helper cells that play very important role in the immune system

1981

Year when the first sign of HIV pandemic began

Pneumonia

Cluster of this disease was reported which was a first sign of the HIV pandemic

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

Causative agent of the pneumonia of previously healthy young homosexual men

Los Angeles, USA

Where was the cluster of cases of pneumonia among previously young healthy homosexual men reported

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Type of cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, nose and throat, lymph nodes and other organs

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This was detected in larger cluster of cases in young homosexual men

Purple/Red

Usual color of patches in Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Francois Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier

People who first isolated HIV from patient sample taken from male homosexuals

1983

Year when was HIV first isolated

Central Africa

Location of earliest case of infection of HIV-1

1959

Year of detection of earliest case of infection of HIV-1

1980

Year when HIV-2 was identified

West Africa

Origin of HIV-2

Kinsasha, Congo

Origin of HIV

Chimpanzees

Organism that was crossed to humans which gave rise to the origin of HIV

RNA Virus

Virus type of HIV

Lentivirus

Genus of HIV

Retrovirus

Family of HIV

Cure for HIV

None

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Palliative treatment only

gp120

Glycoprotein that attaches to C4 receptors of lymphocytes

gp41

Glycoprotein that embeds the viral envelope to enable the virus to attach and fuse to the target cell

Reverse Transcriptase

Converts RNA back to DNA

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

2nd notorious laboratory acquired infection following needlestick injury

T-helper cells or T-lymphocytes

Contain the C4 receptors

Steps in HIV Replication

1. Binding
2. Fusion
3. Reverse Transcription
4. Integration
5. Replication
6. Assembly
7. Budding

Pneumonia

Most common death cause of HIV patients

Screening Tests for HIV

1. Enzyme Immunoassay
2. Particle Agglutination

Confirmatory Tests for HIV

1. Western Blot
2. Immunofluorescence
3. Radio Immuno-Precipitation Assay

Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA)

Standard screening test for HIV

Western Blot

Gold Standard confirmatory test for HIV

Rapid Test Kits (Lateral Flow)

Most common testing method for HIV in the laboratory

Yellow/No colour

Positive/Negative result for ELISA

Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immunoassay

Combination of antigen and antibody complex with chemiluminescence

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The antigen and antibody is labeled with a molecule capable of emitting light during chemical reaction

Light

Used to measure the Ag-Ab complex in Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA)

2 bands

Minimum number of bands detected in western blot that indicates a positive HIV result (p24, gp41, gp120/160)

Indeterminate

Interpretation for one band in western blot

CD4/ T cells

Cells attacked by HIV

< 200 cells/mm3

Number of CD4 cells to be considered AIDs

500-1500 cells/mm3

Normal range of CD4 cells

Untransmissible

Undetectable stage would make the virus ___.

RA 8504

An act Promulgating Policies and Prescribing Measures for Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines. Also known as the **original** HIV law.

Philippine National AIDS Council

Meaning of PNAC

52

Total number of sections of RA 8504

9

Total number of articles of RA 8504

February 13, 1998

Date of Approval of RA 8504

President Fidel V. Ramos

President of the Philippines who signed RA 8504 into law

Anonymous Testing

HIV testing procedure where the individual being tested does not reveal his/her true identity

Compulsory Testing

HIV testing imposed upon a person attended or characterized by the lack or vitiated consent, use of physical force, intimidation or any form of compulsion

Voluntary HIV Testing

HIV testing done on an individual who after having undergone pre-test counselling willingly submits himself/herself to such test

Pre-Test counseling

Process of providing an individual information on the biomedical aspects of HIV/AIDS and emotional support to any psychological implications of undergoing HIV testing and the test result itself before he/she is subjected to the test

Post-test counseling

Process of providing risk-reduction information and emotional support to a person who submitted to HIV testing at the time that the result is released

Window Period

Period of time to which an infected individual will test negative upon testing buy can actually transmit the infection

2 weeks to 6 months

Window period of HIV upon laboratory testing

6-12 years

Number of years of imprisonment for dangerous medical practices (failure to dispose an HIV positive blood bag)

Symbols or numbers

Identifiers for patients for anonymous HIV testing

2-6 weeks

Number of weeks upon testing the test shall be repeated if the first test is nonreactive

3 times

Number of times the sample is tested before being released as HIV positive

DOH Circular No. 224s 2004

Circular No. that states where the reactive samples during screening tests should be sent

AIDSWATCH Council

Established by the government to monitor HIV/AIDS cases in the Philippines

AIDSWATCH

Develops procedures to track HIV rates, while respecting client confidentiality

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Program of the government to determine and monitor the magnitude and progression of HIV infection in the PH

Philippine National Aids Council

Envisions a fully empowered national coordinating body where different individuals and sectors work in partnership to prevent the transmission of the virus and lessen its impact on the affected persons in particular and society in genera

EO No. 39

To Oversee and Integrated and Comprehensive Approach to HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control in The Philippines

December 3, 1992

When was EO 39 created

26 members

Number of members of Philippine National AIDS Council

Secretary of Health

Chairperson of PNAC

2 years

Term of office of members of PNAC including the vice chairman

Permanent

Term of service of the chairperson of PNAC

RA 10173

Data Privacy Act of 2012

45

Number of sections of RA 10173

9

Number of chapters that the RA 10173 is divided into

President Benigno S. Aquino III

President who signed RA 10173 into law

June 6, 2012

Date of effectivity of RA 10173

Personal Information

Information linked to identity making a person readily identifiable

Privileged Information

Any and all forms of data which under the rules of court and other pertinent laws constitute privileged communication

Sensitive Personal Information

Individual’s ace ethnic origin, marital status, age, religious, philosophical or political affiliations, health, education, genetic or sexual life, social security numbers, cm-rent records, licenses, tax returns

RA 11166

New HIV law which amended the RA 8504

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An act strengthening the Philippine Comprehensive Policy on Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Prevention, Treatment and Support

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PREP)

Medicine taken if planning to have unprotected sex

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

Medicine taken if already had unprotected sex

Not < 48 hours (2 days)

When should be the PEP taken upon having unprotected sex

15 years old

Minimum age of consent of testing was lowered from 18 years to ___ as amended by RA 11166

2 months-2 years

Years of imprisonment for propagation of misleading information and misinformation on HIV/AIDS prevention and control

6-12years

Years of imprisonment for health professionals involved in unsafe practices and procedures

6 months-4 years

Years of imprisonment for violations of confidentiality

6 months-4 years

Years of discriminatory acts and policies

Not > 10,000 pesos

Fine charged for discriminatory acts and policies

AO No. 2005-0027

Rules and Regulations Governing the Regulation of HIV Testing Laboratories

AO No. 2005-0032

Guidelines on Quality Assurance Program for all HIV Testing Laboratories

AO No. 2008-0022

Policies and Guidelines in the Collaborative Approach of TB and HIV Prevention and Control

AO No. 2010-0028

Policies and Guidelines in the Conduct of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Counseling and Testing in Community and Health Facility Settings

Article 7

Discrimination against people with HIV is illegal