1900s-1920s
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What change in nursing uniform occurred in 1916?
The American Nurse Association (ANA) proposed a standard uniform emphasizing a more professional image.
What color became a symbol for public health nurses?
Blue.
What role did impoverished communities play in nursing services?
They allowed nurses to expand their services.
What significant characteristic of the nursing profession persisted through 1910?
Elements of the Victorian era remained influential.
Who predominantly made up the nursing profession during this time?
The profession was mainly composed of white women, with only four male nursing schools.
What was the unique feature of the caps or hats worn by nurses?
They were distinctive to the hospital where the nurses trained.
What was the role of the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses?
They worked to prepare nurses for leadership roles in the nursing profession.
How did the focus of nursing education change over time?
It focused more on theory classes, scientific knowledge, and affiliation with colleges or universities.
What educational advancements were made in nursing by 1910?
100 hospitals offered preparatory classes, practical training, and a scientific foundation for basic care.
When were state nursing organizations formed?
In 1905.
What was a criticism of nursing education in the early 20th century?
Nurses were taught too much theory, leading to concerns that it would impede patient care.
Who became the first nursing professor and chairperson in nursing education?
Mary Adelaide Nutting.
What type of teachers mainly taught in nursing schools during this era?
Teachers from hospital and medical organizations who taught from their own experiences.
What did the addition of specific skills to nursing education lead to?
Better educational standards and practice regulations in nursing.
What was Lillian Wald's contribution to nursing?
She, along with Mary Brewster, formed a collaborative relationship with insurance companies to promote visiting nurse services in Manhattan.
What significant establishment did Lillian Wald help create in 1912?
The United States Children's Bureau, which focused on child labor laws, juvenile courts, adoption regulation, and child abuse.
Who petitioned for the creation of a new nursing corps in 1901?
Mary Adelaide Nutting.
What was the purpose of school nursing?
To prevent disease and infection among students and keep them in school.
What was Margaret Sanger known for in women's health?
She educated women on pregnancy, abortion, birth control, and safe sex, helping to reduce mortality rates.
What contribution did Clara Maass make to yellow fever research?
She volunteered to be bitten by a mosquito to help discover the source of yellow fever.
What advancement in knowledge was gained during the bubonic plague outbreak?
New understanding of disease vectors such as rats and fleas.
What percentage of the world's population was affected by the Spanish Flu Epidemic?
Around 30%.
What was a significant outcome of the flu vaccine development?
It led to the development of other immunizations.
What workforce issues did nursing face during the early 20th century?
Concerns included long work hours, lack of inclusivity, and poor wages.
Who formed the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) in 1908?
Martha Franklin.
Who was Mary Mahoney?
The first black woman to earn a professional nursing degree in 1879.
What did state nursing boards determine in 1905?
The legality of nursing practice.
What nursing uniforms began to be adopted in 1916?
Nurses wore caps or hats depending on their work area.
What major nursing organizations were established during wartime?
The Army Nurse Corps (1901) and Navy Nurse Corps (1907).
What was the role of the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada?
It set standards for nursing education and training.
What did the North Carolina legislation in 1903 initially require for nursing?
It made educational requirements mandatory but was later changed to require only a certification by exam.
What was the purpose of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada?
To address legal concerns and regulations surrounding nursing practice.
What major change occurred to the Nurses Associated Alumnae?
It was renamed the American Nurses Association (ANA) and established guidelines for scope of practice, licensure, and legislation.
What does the ANA's establishment involve in nursing practice?
It involves guidelines for scope of practice, licensure, and a board of examiners to regulate nursing.
How many nurses served during World War I?
Around 23,000 nurses served in the Army and Navy Nurse Corps.
What was the primary role of nurses during World War I?
To care for soldiers wounded in combat.
What committee addressed the need for nurses during World War I?
The Committee on Nursing.
What did the Committee on Nursing include?
Requirements for applicants, personal qualifications, and educational recommendations.
What was established in 1918 to gather nurses for the war effort?
The Army School of Nursing.
What was the purpose of the Army School of Nursing?
To help gather nurses to care for injured soldiers as an alternative to nurse aids.
During which years was the recruitment of nurses for World War I particularly emphasized?
1917-1918.