get this in brain

maximum fluence is determined by

pulse width, spot size, and wavelength

maximum energy output is determined by

spot size characteristics

You would select what kind of spot size, if you wanted to treat more superficially

smaller spot size

lower on the spectrum what kind of penetration

shallower the penetration

higher on the spectrum what kind of penetration

deeper the penetration

large spot size allows for, what kind of penetration and scatter?

deeper penetration and less scatter

small spot size allows for, what kind of penetration and scatter?

shallower penetration and more scatter

laser light must be

collaminated, coherent, monochromatic

absorption is the physical process in which light energy could be converted into:

cellular stimulation

acoustic response

heat or chemical reaction

pulse width must be

longer than TRT or the epidermis and shorter than TRT of the hair follicle

If a “photon” or “electromagnetic wave” of the laser light to remove hair has smaller frequency you can state that it

carries smaller quantity of energy

the devices which produce light by stimulated emission are classified as

laser devices although the light emitted has been neither collimainted nor chromatic

the longer the wavelength, what kind of penetration of laser?

greater the penetration of laser

the shorter the wavelength, what kind of penetration of laser?

less penetration of laser

the shorter the wavelength, greater

affinity for melanin and less penetration of depth

longer the wavelength, lower

affinity for melanin and the greater the penetration of depth

higher on the spectrum of light what kind of attraction to melanin?

less attraction to melanin

lower on the spectrum of light what kind of attraction to melanin?

greater attraction to melanin

long pulse widths protect the epidermis and have what kind of penetration and cooling?

deeper penetration depth and slow cooler

short pulse width protect less of the epidermis and have what kind of penetration and cooling?

less penetration depth and faster cooling

what are damaged in LSR to prevent further growth?

stem cells and dermal papilla

When performing electrolysis what should be the target area in order to kill the hair

hair bulb

how many months to wait for accutane for LHR?

6 months

pulse width greater than TRT will result in

burning

pulse width less than or equal to TRT will result in

perfect hair removal

laser cannot cause

intercellular change in DNA

longer pulse widths are more

kind to the skin

shorter pulse widths are more

aggressive to the skin

smaller structure have what kind of TRT?

shorter TRT

larger structures have what kind of TRT?

longer TRT

higher the hair density, what kind of fluence?

lower the fluence

lower the hair density, what kind of fluence?

higher the fluence

raised to an “excited” stage the electron naturally returns to its “resting’’ stage and does so by emitting a photon, what emission is this

spontaneous

electrons are stimulated repeatedly by energy and will force a proton to jump off in a wave form and return to their resting state, what emission is this

stimulated

the process where by a newly created photon of light (generated through amplification) acquires energy equal to the photons that created it, what emission is this?

stimulated emission

When the laser light pass through the stratum corneum, it can be scattered within the tissue, and:

The longer of the wavelength, less scatter and deeper penetration

The potential for eye injury from the laser beam, depends on:

The power of the light and the wavelength of the light

In the concept of the Optical Radiation is included:

Ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation

The most effective spot size for “laser hair removal” because of the increased depth of penetration is:

18 mm

In which one of the following states an atom can undergo both spontaneous emission & stimulated emission?

Metastable state

Population inversion is achieved when the majority of atoms:

Can emit a photon spontaneously or by stimulation

Are in metastable state

Can emit LASER light

In which atoms stage are you capable of lasing?

Metastable

The idea that electrons are capable of absorbing discrete bundles of energy is called

Planks’s theory

Which is most similar to laser hair removal

thermolysis

Select the wavelength of a frequency doubled Nd-YAG laser

532 (frequency doubled= wavelength halved)

Treatment parameters for laser hair removal are usually given in

joules/cm²

Which is considered the competing chromophore when using the alexandrite laser for hair removal

epidermal melanin

Fluence measures

the rate at which energy is delivered per unit area

Facultative melanocyte function refers to

Induced pigmentation (a tan)

Constitutive melanocyte function refers to

The baseline color of skin not exposed to the sun

Causes of blanching include which of the following

-overtreatment of the skin

-overly deep insertions

Power density (irradiance) of the laser beam indicates

The concentration of energy within a given spot size

The relative fluence effect on the skin is greatest with a spot size of?

8mm

Most laser hair removal equipment operates in the wavelength ranges associated with?

visible light

During laser hair removal, increasing the wavelength of the light used will result in?

Energy penetrating deeper in the body tissue

Which of the following organizations publishes the standards for safe use of lasers in health care facilities?

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

In order for the laser to function effectively, its light must be?

Monochromatic

Which of the following is a disorder characterized by hypertension, obesity, hirsutism, and high levels of androgens?

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

During laser hair removal treatment, the selection of fluence level is most dependent on the patient's?

Skin pigmentation

Enlargement of the cells of the adrenal glands resulting in hirsutism before puberty with symptoms of ambiguous genitalia is?

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Laser pulse width represents the?

Amount of time the skin is exposed to the laser