SOC SCI

Social science

is the study of human society and the different forces at work within them

Social science

 is a branch of knowledge that studies the complex and multifaceted nature of human societies and the social world.

social science

examines human relationships and behavior and its influences to people around them.

social research

hypothesis discredited through investigation called

Scientific method

refers to a standardized set of technique for building scientific knowledge

research design

is the arrangement of conditions for the collection and analysis of data

Exploratory research

This design tackles research problems that have little of no previous studies done on it.

Cross-sectional research

This design measures similarities or differences across groups and subjects.

Longitudinal research

studies the same sample across time or across regular time intervals

Sequential research

This is a type of research design carried out in a series over a time interval.

Case study

This type of design is applied to study a very particular research problem

Meta-analysis

This is a type of design that evaluates and summarizes the results of other individual studies.

qualitative method

analyzes qualitative data such as interviews, narratives, and literary texts

Quantitative method

analyzes quantifiable or numeric data and subjects them to statistical analyses.

Traffic

is considered to be a major societal problem

disciplina

The word discipline comes from the Latin word, Disciplina-which means instruction It is further derived from the root word discere, which means "to learn," and it is taught to a discipulus, which means "a disciple or a pupil!.

natural sciences

studies systematically the occurrence of all natural phenomena

 social sciences

explain the development and nature of the social world

 Applied fields

are those disciplines that are precisely concerned with practical applications of their concepts.

The hard-applied disciplines

focus on how to solve problems and apply knowledge

Soft-applied disciplines-

deal with "personal growth, reflective practice, and life-long learning to develop protocols and procedures

Anthropology

-is the study of ancient societies and their cultural traditions

Anthropology

came from the Greek word anthropos meaning "humankind"

physical anthropology,

which is also called biological anthropology, studies the biological evolution of man.

Economics

came from two Greek words, oikos meaning "home" and nomos meaning management

factors of production

Economic resources that can be used to produce goods and services are called

Microeconomics

is the "study of the choices made by economic actors such as households

Geography

studies the interaction between the natural environment and the people living in it.

Geography

 comes from two Greek words geo meaning "Earth" and graphos meaning "charting or mapping.

Physical geography

studies the natural features of the earth

Human geography

studies human population and the impact of its activities on the planet

Eratosthenes of Cyrene

who is the head of the Great Library at Alexandria and royal tutor to the future King Ptolemy IV. 

-He is also considered as the Father of Geography, a distinction given for having coined the term.

-And made geographika

History

 is traditionally regarded as the study of the recorded past.

 primary source

 is a testimony of an eyewitness or an account of someone who has firsthand information on the subject.

 secondary source

is a testimony or an account of someone who is not an eyewitness to the event being narrated

Herodotus of Halicarnassus

 is a product of Greece's Hellenic age

Linguistics

 came from the Latin word lingua, meaning "language

Political science

is the study of politics, power, and government. The word politics comes from the Greek word politea,

polis

means taking part in its decision-making, which normally takes place in the agora, or the market place,

Psychology

It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, It comes from two Greek words psyche meaning "soul or spirit

Clinical psychology

assesses and finds treatment for people with psychological disorder.

Experimental psychology

 studies the most basic concepts of psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

considered as the Father of Modern Psychology He is credited for being the first in the movement to make psychology a science

Functionalism

studies how specific behavior help adapt to environment

Sigmund Freud

is known for his psychoanalytic personality theory

Sociology

It is the systematic study of human society. It comes from the Latin word socius meaning "friend" or "companion" and the Greek word logos meaning "study."

Sociology was born as a result of powerful and complex economic and social forces.

Demography

is the study of human population. It comes from two ancient Greek words demos meaning "the people" and graphos meaning "charting or mapping."

Edmond Halley

 He was the first scientist to study a person's likelihood of death as he or she passes

Intradisciplinary approach

focuses on "each disciplines characteristic view of that portion of reality" that it studies.

Interdisciplinary studies

 is a process of answering a question, solving a problem, or addressing a topic that is too broad or complex

Transdisciplinarity

 is a research approach that applies theories,

Transdisciplinarity

 is considered as interdisciplinarity

Rational choice theory

is a powerful tool in making sense of why people act or behave

Symbolic interactionism

is a sociological framework

Dyadic conversation

may consist of one person disclosing emotionally laden personal accounts

Structural functionalism

is a framework for building a theory

Structural functionalism

was developed by talcott parsons

social dysfunction

is "any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society

Adaptation

acquiring and mobilizing sufficient resources so that the system can survive

Goal Attainment

 setting and implementing goals

Integration

-maintaining solidarity or coordination among the subunits of the system

Classic institutional

aproach systematically describes

And analyzes phenomena

Human-Environment Systems (HES)

 in the social sciences is an interdisciplinary approach in the social sciences.

refers to "the interaction of human systems with corresponding environmental

he human-environment system

also referred to as the "coupled human-environment system"

Psychoanalysis

began with a young physician's search for the treatment of his patients with emotional problems.

Sigmund Freud and his theory

known as psychoanalytic theory

preconscious mind-

It consists of memories that are not presently conscious

the mind has only one part,

the id

id

is composed primarily of two sets of instincts, life instincts and death

life instincts, termed libido by Freud, give rise to motives that sustain and promote life,

ego's

-formed because the id has to find realistic ways of meeting Its needs and avoiding trouble caused by selfish and aggressive behavior

superego develops

the part of the mind that opposes the desires of the id by enforcing moral restrictions

Hermeneutic phenomenology

a particular type of phenomenology

Descriptive phenomenology

was developed by Edmund Hussert

transcendental phenomenology

is based on discovering the objective universar

Reduction

is a process that involves suspending pr racketing the phenomena

intentionality

refers to consciousness since individuals are always conscious to something

Reflexivity

is a "person's reflection upon or examination of a situation or experience

describes the process in which researchers are conscious of and reflective about the ways in which their questions,

Alienation from the act of working

Capitalism denies workers a say in what they make or how they make it.

Alienation from the products of work

Workers' product belongs to the capitalists who sell it for profit.

Alienation from other workers

 Industrial capitalism creates competition in work

Alienation from human potential-

Capitalism prevents workers to develop their best qualities as human beings

Karl Marx

a German philosopher, historian, and economist. Macionis

Marxism

is economist to the extent that it privileges economic relations