SOC SCI
Social science- is the study of human society and the different forces at work within them
Social science- is a branch of knowledge that studies the complex and multifaceted nature of human societies and the social world.
social science- examines human relationships and behavior and its influences to people around them.
social research- hypothesis discredited through investigation called
Scientific method-refers to a standardized set of technique for building scientific knowledge
research design-is the arrangement of conditions for the collection and analysis of data
Exploratory research-This design tackles research problems that have little of no previous studies done on it.
Cross-sectional research-This design measures similarities or differences across groups and subjects.
Longitudinal research-studies the same sample across time or across regular time intervals.
Sequential research-This is a type of research design carried out in a series over a time interval.
Case study-This type of design is applied to study a very particular research problem.
Meta-analysis-This is a type of design that evaluates and summarizes the results of other individual studies.
qualitative method-analyzes qualitative data such as interviews, narratives, and literary texts.
Quantitative method- analyzes quantifiable or numeric data and subjects them to statistical analyses.
Traffic-is considered to be a major societal problem
disciplina- The word discipline comes from the Latin word,
Disciplina-which means instruction It is further derived from the root word discere, which means "to learn," and it is taught to a discipulus, which means "a disciple or a pupil!.
natural sciences-studies systematically the occurrence of all natural phenomena
social sciences-explain the development and nature of the social world.
Applied fields- are those disciplines that are precisely concerned with practical applications of their concepts.
The hard-applied disciplines- focus on how to solve problems and apply knowledge
Soft-applied disciplines- deal with "personal growth, reflective practice, and life-long learning to develop protocols and procedures."
Anthropology-is the study of ancient societies and their cultural traditions.
Anthropology-came from the Greek word anthropos meaning "humankind"
physical anthropology, which is also called biological anthropology, studies the biological evolution of man.
The word Economics came from two Greek words, oikos meaning "home" and nomos meaning management
Economic resources that can be used to produce goods and services are called factors of production.
Microeconomics is the "study of the choices made by economic actors such as households
Geography studies the interaction between the natural environment and the people living in it.
Geography comes from two Greek words geo meaning "Earth" and graphos meaning "charting or mapping."
Physical geography studies the natural features of the earth,
Human geography studies human population and the impact of its activities on the planet.
Eratosthenes of Cyrene
-who is the head of the Great Library at Alexandria and royal tutor to the future King Ptolemy IV.
-He is also considered as the Father of Geography, a distinction given for having coined the term.
-And made geographika
History is traditionally regarded as the study of the recorded past.
A primary source is a testimony of an eyewitness or an account of someone who has firsthand information on the subject.
A secondary source is a testimony or an account of someone who is not an eyewitness to the event being narrated.
Herodotus of Halicarnassus who is a product of Greece's Hellenic age,
Thucydides wrote about the history of the Peloponnesian War in the fifth century BC.
Linguistics came from the Latin word lingua, meaning "language?
Political science is the study of politics, power, and government. The word politics comes from the Greek word politea,
polis means taking part in its decision-making, which normally takes place in the agora, or the market place,
Aristotle's book entitled Politics is considered a pioneer in the field of political inquiry.
Psychology-It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, It comes from two Greek words psyche meaning "soul or spirit
Clinical psychology assesses and finds treatment for people with psychological disorder.
Experimental psychology studies the most basic concepts of psychology
Wilhelm Wundt is considered as the Father of Modern Psychology He is credited for being the first in the movement to make psychology a science.
Functionalism studies how specific behavior help adapt to environment.
Sigmund Freud is known for his psychoanalytic personality theory,
Sociology-It is the systematic study of human society. It comes from the Latin word socius meaning "friend" or "companion" and the Greek word logos meaning
"study."
Sociology was born as a result of powerful and complex economic and social forces.
Demography is the study of human population. It comes from two ancient Greek words demos meaning "the people" and graphos meaning "charting or mapping."
Edmond Halley. He was the first scientist to study a person's likelihood of death as he or she passes
Intradisciplinary approach focuses on "each disciplines characteristic view of that portion of reality" that it studies.
Interdisciplinary studies is a process of answering a question, solving a problem, or addressing a topic that is too broad or complex
Transdisciplinarity is a research approach that applies theories,
Transdisciplinarity is considered as interdisciplinarity
Rational choice theory-is a powerful tool in making sense of why people act or behave
Symbolic interactionism-is a sociological framework
Dyadic conversation-may consist of one person disclosing emotionally laden personal accounts
Structural functionalism-is a framework for building a theory
Structural functionalism-was developed by talcott parsons
social dysfunction-is "any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society"
Adaptation-acquiring and mobilizing sufficient resources so that the system can survive.
Goal Attainment- setting and implementing goals
Integration-maintaining solidarity or coordination among the subunits of the system
Latency-creating, preserving, and transmitting the system's distinctive culture and values (McMahon 2015 Emphasis added).
Classic institutional-approach systematically describes
And analyzes phenomena
Human-Environment Systems (HES)- in the social sciences is an interdisciplinary approach in the social sciences.
Human-environment system (HES)-refers to "the interaction of human systems with corresponding environmental
The human-environment system- also referred to as the "coupled human-environment system"
Psychoanalysis- began with a young physician's search for the treatment of his patients with emotional problems.
Sigmund Freud and his theory was known as psychoanalytic theory
preconscious mind-It consists of memories that are not presently conscious
the mind has only one part, the id.
The id is composed primarily of two sets of instincts, life instincts and death
life instincts, termed libido by Freud, give rise to motives that sustain and promote life,
ego's-formed because the id has to find realistic ways of meeting Its needs and avoiding trouble caused by selfish and aggressive behavior.
superego develops-the part of the mind that opposes the desires of the id by enforcing moral restrictions
Hermeneutic phenomenology- a particular type of phenomenology
Descriptive phenomenology-was developed by Edmund Hussert
transcendental phenomenology- is based on discovering the objective universar
Reduction- is a process that involves suspending pr racketing the phenomena
intentionality- refers to consciousness since individuals are always conscious to something.
Reflexivity-is a "person's reflection upon or examination of a situation or experience.
Reflexivity- describes the process in which researchers are conscious of and reflective about the ways in which their questions,
Alienation from the act of working-Capitalism denies workers a say in what they make or how they make it.
Alienation from the products of work-Workers' product belongs to the capitalists who sell it for profit.
Alienation from other workers- Industrial capitalism creates competition in work
Alienation from human potential- Capitalism prevents workers to develop their best qualities as human beings.
Karl Marx (1818-1883), a German philosopher, historian, and economist. Macionis
Marxism-is economist to the extent that it privileges economic relations