Energy Types - Vocabulary Flashcards (Video Notes)

Flashcards cover the major energy types discussed in the video notes, including kinetic and potential energy, the various forms of energy, and the law that governs energy transformations.

Kinetic energy

The energy of a moving object; one of the two primary forms of energy.

Potential energy

Energy stored in an object or substance; includes stored forms like gravitational or elastic potential energy.

Mechanical energy

Energy related to motion and position; also called motion energy; related to the total of kinetic and potential energy.

Thermal energy

Energy from the vibration of atoms and molecules; related to temperature; also called heat energy.

Radiant energy

Also known as light energy or electromagnetic energy; energy that travels in waves.

Light energy

A form of electromagnetic radiation; visible to the human eye; consists of photons.

Chemical energy

Stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules; found in food, biomass, petroleum, and natural gas.

Elastic energy

Potential energy stored when an elastic object is stretched or squashed (e.g., springs, bands).

Sound energy

Energy that travels through substances as vibrations; typically less energetic than other forms.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.

Energy transformation

The process of changing energy from one form to another (e.g., chemical energy to thermal and light).

Light Energy
Sound Energy
Motion Energy
Radiant Energy

Elastic Energy
Gravitational Energy

Thermal Energy

Chemical Energy

Types of Energy

Phase

defined as a homogenous, physically distinct and mechanically seperable portion of a system

Homogenous System

a system that only consists of only one phase.

Homogenous System

It is a system that has uniform properties throughout its entire volume

Homogenous System

the comoposition and properties of the system are the same at every point within the system.

Heterogenous System

a system consisting of two or more phases

Heterogenous System

the composition and properties are not uniform throughout entire volume.

System

is defined as any part of the universe chosen for a study and is confined in an inert container, which can either be imaginary or real

Surroundings

Is the rest of the universe that isn’t defined as a system

Closed System

a system capable of only exchanging energy but not matter with the surroundings

Open System

A system capable of exchanging matter and energy with the surroundings

Isolated System

A system where there is no exhange of matter and energy with its surroundings

Open System
Closed System
Isolated System

Classifications of systems

Thermodynamics

the study of the interrelation of various forms of energy

Thermodynamics

came from the greek words “thermos” and “dy’namis”

Chemical Thermodynamics

the study of the interrelation between heat and work with chemical reactions or physical changes of states within the scope of the laws of thermodynamics.

Chemical Thermodynamics

the study of energy changes and transformations that occur during chemical reactions and processes

Chemical Energy

the energy stored in all substances which appears when the substances undergo transformation

Isothermal

occurs when the change of the system occured at constant temperature

Isobaric

occurs when the change of the system is observed but the operation was carried out at constant pressure.

Isochoric

process occurs when the change of the system took place under a constant volume, so no work is done on the system

Adiabatic

occurs when the change in the system occured without an exchange of heat with the surroundings but the temperature of the system changes.

Isentropic

the entropy remains constant during the process.

Isentropic

a special case of adiabatic process where there is no entropy change

Isenthalpic

the enthalpy remains constant during the process , there may be changes in other properties such as temperature, pressure, or volume, but the enthalpy remains unchanged