Untitled Flashcards Set

Charles Darwin

Proposed the theory of evolution, emphasizing 'Survival of the Fittest'.

Civilization

The creation of institutions for bureaucracy, economics, and trade among others.

Culture

Language, practices, and religions of a particular population.

Paleolithic Age

The Old Stone Age characterized by a hunter-gatherer lifestyle.

Neolithic Age

The New Stone Age marked by the Agricultural Revolution and settling down.

Sumer

The first real civilization, located near the near-east, known for the city of Ur.

Agricultural Revolution

The invention of farming tools such as the horse, plow, and wheel.

Monotheism

The belief in one God.

Herodotus

Known as the Father of History, from Greece.

Pyramid

A monumental structure built for Egyptian pharaohs.

Polis

A city-state in Ancient Greece.

Hammurabi

The ruler known for creating the first laws of Mesopotamia, based on revenge and retribution.

The Torah

The Old Testament, foundational text for Judaism, featuring monotheism with Yahweh.

Peloponnesian War

Conflict between Sparta and Athens in ancient Greece.

Plato

A prominent Greek philosopher.

Democracy

A system of government where power is vested in the people.

Ramesses II

Infamous Egyptian pharaoh known for his large pyramid and reign during the New Kingdom.

Akhenaten

Pharaoh who briefly introduced monotheism in ancient Egypt.

Homer

Famous Greek poet known for the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Cuneiform

The earliest form of writing developed by the Mesopotamians.

Hieroglyphics

The writing system used in ancient Egypt.

Ma’at

The Egyptian concept of cosmic order, justice, and truth.

Yahweh

The monotheistic Hebrew God in the Jewish tradition.

Solomon

Hebrew prophet known for constructing the First Temple.

Nebuchadnezzar

The Neo-Babylonian emperor from the Chaldean Dynasty known for his conquest of Syria.

Phoenicians

Ancient traders who contributed to the development of the modern alphabet.

Hellenic Age

Period characterized by Greek cultural dominance.

Alexander the Great

King of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

Hellenistic Age

Period after Alexander's death, marked by the spread of Greek culture.

Greco-Roman Age

Combined cultural period of Greek and Roman influences.

Epicureanism/Stoicism

Philosophical schools of thought focused on ethics and human rights.

Marcus Aurelius

Roman emperor and philosopher associated with Stoicism.

Cynicism/Skepticism

Philosophical schools questioning societal norms and beliefs.

Socrates

A foundational Greek philosopher.

Parochialism

A narrow focus on local issues, ignoring broader perspectives.

Universalism

The philosophical idea emphasizing a global community and individual rights.

Plebeians

Common people in the Roman Republic who fought for social and political rights.

Patricians

The aristocratic class in the Roman Republic.

The Twelve Tablets

The earliest codification of Roman law.

Three Punic Wars

A series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage.

The Grachan Brothers

Tiberius (300) and Gaius (3000), known for their land reform efforts in Rome.

Cicero

Roman philosopher and politician focused on law and governance.

Julius Caesar

Infamous Roman general whose power led to his assassination.