Untitled Flashcards Set

Charles Darwin: Survival of the Fittest

Civilization: The creation of institutions for bureaucracy (either in administration or government), economics, business, trade, religion, etc. Political, economic, social factors

Culture: Language, practices, religions of a certain population of people.

Paleolithic age: The old stone age, the time of hunter-gatherers. Nomads, did not settle

Neolithic age: The new stone age, agricultural revolution, domestication of animals. People start settling down, there is the creation of villages, farms, settling into places near water sources. Rise in population, surplus of food

Sumerians: The society near the near-east. The first real civilization. The first city, Ur.

Agricultural revolution: The invention of the horse and plow, as well as the wheel

Monotheism: The belief in one god

Herodotus: The father of history

Pyramid: Egyptian pharaoh

Polis: City-state, Ancient Greece

Hammurabi: First laws known to man, the laws of mesopotamia. Generally based off of “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”

Hebrew Bible: The old testament, before Christ is born. They also have the Torah. The belief in one god (monotheism) Yahweh 

Peloponnesian war: Sparta and Peloponnesian against Greece

Plato: A Greek philosopher

Democracy: Government of the people, by the people, for the people. Bottom up, the people are in power

Sparta:

Ramesses II: One of the more infamous Egyptian pharaohs, has one of the largest pyramids and was in the period of the New Kingdom (last period of egyptian civilization). Very influential during his reign.

Akhenaten: Egyptian pharaoh, believed in monotheism and converted the land to monotheism briefly, until his death when his people reverted back.

Homer: Greek writer, poet, famous for the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Cuneiform: The mesopotamian language

Hieroglyphics: The egyptian language

Ma’at: The Egyptian divine order of the universe with regards to justice, law, morality, and truth

Yahweh: The monotheistic Hebrew god

Solomon: A prophet from the Hebrew civilization. He built their first temple

Nebuchadnezzar: Neo-babylonian emperor. Conquered Syria. From the Chaldean Dynasty.

Phoenicians: Traders on the Mediterranean sea that live where Canaan and Judea are. Invented our modern alphabet

The Greek Ages:

• Hellenic Age

  • Alexander the Great

• Hellenistic Age

• Greco-Roman Age

4 Schools of thought

• Epicureanism/Stoicism

  • Belief in universalism, a world community

  • Future constitutions based off of this school of thought

  • Rights of the individual

  • Human rights

  • Marcus Aurelius, the first emperor of Rome, was a stoicist

• Cynicism/skepticism

Socrates: Another Greek philosopher

Parochialism: Narrow vision of the city-state, not thinking outside of the box, looking at the small picture and not the big picture. Tunnel vision of your perspective of the world, selfish, intolerant of anything but what you think is right for yourself.

Universalism: Stems from stoicism. Greeks touched base on this at the very end, and the Romans brought it into fruition. World community, rights of the individual, human rights. Broad vision of how the world should be.

Plebeians: During the Roman republic, commoners, regular people, laborers, farmers. Fought for their rights. In contest with the Roman republic and patricians. Eventually get a right to assembly/a seat at the government, but it is more of a reparation, they don’t have much power.

Patricians: The aristocrats of the Roman Republic. Patricians and plebeians have a “mini civil war” or an insurrection.

The Twelve Tablets: First Roman codes of law

Three Punic Wars: Related to the Roman Republic, vs Carthage. Hannibal, 

• First one the romans do very well

• Second one Hannibal (conqueror) has an army and comes all the way into the Roman Republic. He stops short of going into the city of Rome because it is too well protected, and he does not conquer Rome. However, he has a Scorched Earth policy, and demolishes everything in sight as he is going along. He leaves many people without food or provisions

The Grachan Brothers: Tiberius and Gauis, in a fight over land reform. Latifundia (large state-owned farm land). Those in charge did not want Tiberius having any say in land reform. The state is running large forms and cutting out small farmers, Tiberius and his 300 followers try to regain farmer rights but are killed for it. His brother Gauis takes over with 3000 followers and makes similar efforts, but he and all of his people are also killed.

Cicero: The Roman philosopher, all about law, order, and government

Julius Caesar: An infamous general in the Roman republic. At the end of the republic, he conquered lots of parts of Europe into Britain. He is honored when he returns and is crowned king. However, people did not like his massive amount of power and all killed him on the 15th of March.