World War I and Its Aftermath

WWI Study Guide

Pancho Villa

Leader of a group of Mexican guerillas that crossed the border into the United States.

Guerrilla

An armed band that attacks by surprise and sabotage rather than through conventional warfare.

Nationalism

Intense loyalty and devotion to a nation.

Self-determination

The idea that people belonging to a certain nation should have their own country and government.

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria whose assassination in Sarajevo began World War I in 1914.

Allies

Britain, Italy, France, Russia, and later the United States fighting against the Central Powers.

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

Neutral

Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Spain in Europe, and Mexico, Chile and Argentina in South America

Propaganda

Information designed to influence public opinion.

Contraband

Prohibited materials.

U-boat

A German submarine.

Sussex Pledge

A German promise not to sink merchant ships without warning.

Zimmerman Telegram

German offer to return lost territory to Mexico if they agreed to fight on their side against the United States.

Conscription

Forced military service.

War Industries Board

A government organization used to coordinate the production of war materials.

Bernard Baruch

Director of the War Industries Board.

Victory garden

Gardens planted by American citizens during the war to raise vegetables for home use, leaving more for the troops.

Liberty/Victory Bond

Bonds sold to Americans that were actually loans to the government.

Committee of Public Information

Government organization responsible for maintaining public support for the war effort.

Espionage

Spying to obtain governmental information.

"No Man’s Land"

Space between opposing trenches on World War I battlefields.

Convoy

A group that traveled with something to protect it, such as a ship.

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the communist party who overthrew the government of Russia.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Agreement between Germany and Russia where Russia would withdraw from World War I.

Armistice

Ceasefire that ends a military conflict.

Fourteen Points

President Wilson’s plan for the peace treaty that would end WWI.

League of Nations

Association of nations organized to preserve peace and attempt to prevent future wars.

Treaty of Versailles

Agreement that ended World War I.

Reparations

War damages paid by the losing country to the winner for damages caused by the war.

Cost of living

The cost of food, clothing, shelter, and other essentials.

General strike

Stoppage of work by a substantial portion of workers in multiple industries.

Red Scare

Fear that communists or "reds" might seize power.

A. Mitchell Palmer

Lawyer, politician, and attorney general of the United States after World War I.

J. Edgar Hoover

Lawyer, anti-communist, and eventually the sixth director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Deport

To expel an individual from the country.

Britain, France, and Russia

The Triple Entente included

women officially served in the armed forces

World War I was the first war in which

daylight savings time

To conserve energy during WWI, the Fuel Administration introduced

African Americans moving from the South to Northern Cities

The Great Migration was a flow of

United States, Britain, France, and Italy

The Big Four who attended the peace conference at the end of WWI were the leaders from

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

The Triple Alliance included

The Committee of Public Information

Selling the war to the American people were the task of

the Espionage and Sedition Acts

Criticism of the war at home was effectively silenced by

observe enemy activities

In WWI, airplanes were first used to

Nationalism

Reason for tension between the European powers was their intense pride in their homelands called

Belgium

A major problem in Germany’s plan to invade France was it had to advance through neutral

Herbert Hoover

May be the most successful government agency during WWI was the Food Administration run by

selective service

Realizing a draft was necessary, Congress created a new conscription called

Ottoman Empire

WWI resulted in the end of 4 empires: the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, German, and the

the Balkans

The Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, and Slovenes all lived in a region in Southeastern Europe called

doughboys

American soldiers during WWI were nicknamed

France

Russia, ____, and Great Britain formed the backbone of the Allies

General John J. Pershing

Who was the commander of the American troops?