2023 Hoard's Dairyman

Which of the following is not a potential fat source for milk replacer?

whey concentrate

What is the optimum range for milk urea nitrogen (MUN)?

8-12 mg/dL

Which of the following can contaminate feed and drain cows’ energy?

fungi, mycotoxins, bacteria

Methionine is an example of a functional amino acid. This means that it serves what purpose in addition to being a building block for protein?

Regulates biological functions

Water delivered to calves should be less than 80°F but above what temperature?

60°F

How often should feed bunks for the milking herd be cleaned out to remove refusals?

Daily

Which of the following is not a benefit yeast can provide to the ration?

Support microorganism development

What is the term for when animals eat inanimate objects that aren’t food?

Pica

During storage, what happens to a corn silage’s processing score?

Rises

When properly stored, silage inoculants often have a shelf life of at least how long?

12 months

Adrenaline limits milk letdown and is produced due to animal stress. How long can the inhibitory effects of adrenaline last?

20 to 30 minutes

When predipping, how much of the teat barrel should be coated?

Three-quarters

Tube feeders deposit milk into which stomach compartment?

Rumen

What structure controls a cow’s response to daylight and day length?

Pineal gland

How many times should a needle be used to administer treatments before it is disposed?

Once

What measure is the best gauge of an animal’s core body temperature?

Rectal temperature

What substance is administered orally and often used to treat ketosis?

Propylene glycol

If a farm is using “blanket dry cow therapy,” all cows are receiving what at dry-off?

Antibiotics

What term refers to the period of time after tactile stimulation is completed and before the milking unit is attached?

Latency period

Meloxicam is an example of what type of animal treatment?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swab tests may be used to check what?

Cleaning protocols

Which region of the country has the largest average herd size?

West

In a compost-bedded pack barn, a farm should aim to keep the pack moisture below what level?

60%

Extended lock-up time in headlocks can be defined as more than how many hours per day?

4

What is a dairy cow’s desired daily lying time?

11-13 hours

Every tractor should have a ROPS installed as a safety measure. What does ROPS stand for?

Rollover protection structure

when choosing teat liners, it it important to consider the most common teat end shape in your herd. Which of the following is not a way that a teat end shape might be classified?

Sharp

Which of the following is NOT a type of hay rake?

fine tip

The most recent NAHMS data from 2014 indicates that hutches are used in approximately what share of calf housing facilities in the U.S.?

63%

Which of the following is NOT a tool used to assist a down cow?

elevation table

High moisture shelled corn should have a moisture content above what level?

28%

Compared to alfalfa and clovers, grass usually has how much internal ash, such as calcium and potassium?

Less

Which of the following was not one of the top five corn silage-producing states in 2022?

Illinois

Composting manure can reduce the amount of material that needs to be land applied by up to how much?

40%

To maximize regrowth efficiency, how much of the plant should be left after dairy animals graze a pasture and move to a new one?

50%

In regard to corn development, what does GDD stand for?

Growing Degree Days

What is the fertilizer form of potassium called?

potash

Late-season yellowing of the lower leaves in corn plants is often a normal sign of what type of deficiency?

Nitrogen

Which of the following is not an acceptable dry matter content for corn to be chopped for silage?

26%

What manure gas destroys the sense of smell when it reaches dangerously high concentrations?

Hydrogen Sulfide

In what year did sales of dairy semen peak in the U.S. at 24 million doses?

2015

What process occurs after insemination to modify the sperm plasma membrane and is necessary for fertilization?

Capacitation

In December 2022, the national cooperator database managed by the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding reached how many recorded genotypes?

7 million

Sexed semen should be thawed at what temperature for at least 45 seconds? (degrees fahrenheit)

95-98

The interval from the onset of standing estrus to ovulation is approximately how long?

28 hours

What allele in Holsteins causes a short hair coat and, subsequently, lower body temperatures?

SLICK1

Most pregnancy losses occur before what day of gestation?

day 42

A bull’s semen fertility, as measured by sire conception rate, typically follows what trend as the bull gets older?

improves

The Jersey breed originated on the Isle of Jersey, which sits off the coast of what nation

France

It was recently announced that the first calf gene-edited to be resistant to what destructive cattle virus was born in 2021?

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

What state is home to the most organic dairy farms?

New York

Roughly what share of the U.S. milk supply was exported in 2022?

18%

When comparing milk production to population, which state produces the most milk per person?

Idaho

Milk produced by U.S. dairy cows set a new record for average butterfat content last year at what level?

4.08%

When was the Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) program first created?

2018 Farm Bill

What share of U.S. cheese was produced in Wisconsin in 2022?

25%

Which Canadian province is home to the most dairy farms?

Quebec

What dairy cooperative marketed the most milk in 2022?

Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)

What was the most-produced cheese in the U.S. in 2022?

Mozzarella

What share of the world’s milk comes from cows?

81%

Preliminary incubation (PI) count identifies what type of bacteria in milk?

Cold-tolerant

Milk fatty acids that are synthesized in the udder are referred to as what?

De novo

When a cow has a left displaced abomasum (DA), the abomasum has slid under what other organ?

Rumen

What hormone mobilizes calcium from the bone?

Parathyroid hormone

About half of the cost of a case of clinical mastitis is related to what?

Discarded milk

What carcass quality concern is more prevalent in dairy-beef animals than conventional beef animals?

Liver abscesses

Roughly how long should a wrap stay on a hairy heel wart?

24 hours

Which of the following is not an environmental mastitis pathogen?

Staph. Aureus

The highest incidence of subclinical ketosis often occurs within the first how many days postpartum?

7

Why might you ultrasound a calf’s lungs?

to detect pneumonia