Industrial Revolution, Labor Movements, and 19th Century American Society

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Division of Labor

Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers

Porkopolis

Slaughterhouses using assembly line and division of labor

--> Increasing demand/production

--> Decreasing costs

--> Made meat more available

Mineral - based Economy

An economy based on coal and metal that began to emerge in the 1830s, as manufacturers increasingly ran machinery fashioned from metal with coal-burning stationary steam engines rather than with water power.

Cyrus McCormick

Irish-American inventor that developed the mechanical reaper. The reaper replaced scythes as the preferred method of cutting crops for harvest, and it was much more efficient and much quicker.

--> Revolutionized Agriculture

Samuel Colt

This inventor patented the six-shooter pistol, which was used often during the Mexican war. He later used the concept of mass production in his factory to produce them more quickly.

Richard Arkwright

English inventor and entrepreneur who became the wealthiest and most successful textile manufacturer of the first Industrial Revolution. He invented the water frame, a machine that, with minimal human supervision, could spin several threads at once.

Samuel Slader

Stole Richard Arkright's design for textile technology and brought it to the united States from Britain

Francis Lowell

Boston merchant who had an idea to combine spinning and weaving under one roof. He formed the Boston Associates. They built a textile mill in Massachusetts (Lowell Mill). Had all machines needed to turn raw cotton into cloth

Waltham-Lowell System

A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell, Chicopee, and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.

Union

Started with the traders of skilled laborers, demanding higher pay/working conditions (SUCCESSFULL)

--> Unlike machine unions, where workers were expendable and replaceable

Labor Theory of Value

The belief that all value in produced goods is derived from labor

Market Revolution

Drastic changes in transportation (canals, RRs), communication (telegraph), and the production of goods (more in factories as opposed to houses)

Robert Folton

invented the steam boat

John Deere

American blacksmith that was responsible for inventing the steel plow.

Taxes

Ben Franklin

Promoted the idea that young men can become rich with hard work

--> Used his biography as proof

Benevolent Empire

Campaign of moral and institutional reforms inspired by Christian ideals and endorsed my upper middle class in the 1820s. Ministers insisted people who experienced saving grace should provide moral guidance and charity to the less fortunate.

Charles Grandison Finney

Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening

Daniel Thompkins

Second VP to die in office,

--> Died of Alcoholism

American Temperance Society

An organization group in which reformers are trying to help the ever present drink problem. This group was formed in Boston in 1826, and it was the first well-organized group created to deal with the problems drunkards had on societies well being, and the possible well-being of the individuals that are heavily influenced by alcohol.

Irish

"Pushed" to the U.S. due to a potato famine, Catholic Immigrants, Opposed temperance society

Nativists

U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them, Anti-Catholic, Especially Opposed the Irish

Samuel Morse

United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code, Published Anti-Catholic book, Pro Protestant

Charlestown, Massachusetts

Oldest part of Boston, Protestant Vs. Catholic Riot