ARTH EXAM 1

Questions are the same for each work: WHAT is it, WHO is it for, WHAT does it do for them, and the context (if there is any). My notes are mostly word for word. The only thing he gives us is the picture and a single question. Good luck!

Naturalism

According to Nature

Christian Naturalism

Making Christian imagery seem real

Fresco

Water based paint applied to wet plaster

Realism

Scenes of ordinary, everyday life

Patronage System

When the artist is working for the needs of the patron

Stylized

Formal alterations according to some taste or ideal

Society Portrait

Portraits meant to impress one’s associates; celebrated in the public area of the home

Iconography

The meaning of particular subjects

Humanism

The emphasis on the human/ realm world, and turning away from the bible

Appropriation

Borrowing something produced by someone else, and giving it a new purpose

Heroic Male Nude

Works of art presented to the Males in the audience as a role model

Aesthetic/ Erotic Male Nude

Works of art presented to the audience for pleasure

Penitent

Someone who feels sorry/ guilt for what they have done, someone who has repented

Venus Pudica

“Modest Venus”, refers to a traditional female nude

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Giotto, Joachim Returning to his Sheep, c. 1306, Proto-Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Robert Campin, Annunciation from the Merode Altarpiece, 1425-1429, Early Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Jan Van Eyck, Arnolfini Portrait, 1434, Early Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Van Der Weyden, The Deposition, c. 1435, Early Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Hieronymus Bosch, The Haywein, c. 1500, Early Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1505-1515, Early Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Pieter Bruegel, The Peasant Dance, 1567, Late Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Pieter Bruegel, The Return of the Hunters (AKA Hunters in the Snow), 1565, Late Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Holbein, The French Ambassadors, 1533, Late Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Brunelleschi, The Foundling Hospital, 1419, Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of Art name, Date, Category

Brunelleschi, San Lorenzo,, began 1421, Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Michelozzo, Medici Palace (Palazzo), 1444-1460, Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Donatello, David, after 1432, Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Donatello, Mary Magdalene, 1455, Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Masaccio, The Tribute Money, c. 1427, Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Fra Angelico, The Annunciation, 1440-1445, Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1483-85, Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Botticelli, St. Jerome, 1494-95 Early Italian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Leonardo, Mona Lisa, 1503-1506 High Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Bellini, St. Francis in Ecstasy, c. 1480 Venetian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Bellini and Titian, Feast of the Gods, 1514 Venetian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Giorgione, Sleeping Venus c. 1510 Venetian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Titian, Venus of Urbino, 1538 Venetian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Titian, Pastoral Symphony, c. 1508,  Venetian Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Leonardo, the Last Supper, 1495 - 1498, High Renaissance

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts Juachim returning home after his sacrifice to have children was rejected
* For Christians living in Padua
* Giotto wanted to achieve religious imagery so the audience didn’t have to read the bible

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Stylized aristocrats returning from the hunt, Peasants are harvesting crops in the background
* For the Duke and his Family
* "To provide pleasure for the Duke and his family; “People are happy to work for me!”

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Gabriel arriving to announce Mary’s pregnancy
* For women
* Acts as a lesson to “stay pure” and to be the ideal wife like Mary

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* A portrait of a wealthy couple
* For couples
* Enforces gender roles: “A woman’s job is to be pregnant, and it’s beautiful”

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Jewish followers of Christ asking to bury his body after he was crucified, Adam’s skull is depicted
* For Christians
* Made to Guilt trip people to be a better Christian, because humans are inherently bad

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Shows people sinning in the Haywein, and that they are going to hell
* For Christian sinners
* A warning “Don’t do this”

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts if Adam and Eve/ humanity never left the Garden of Eden
* Thought to be for the general public
* Thought to be a lesson as to why Hell exists

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* A celebration of Mardi Gras, people are drunk, dancing, flirting, etc.
* For adults
* A moral lesson on how to behave in relation to children “They will learn to behave like this”

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts hunters after a unsuccesful hunting trip, kids playing on the ice
* For the General Public
* Provides relief
* *CONTEXT:* Counter- reformation and reign of terror in the Netherlands, with thousands of people being killed

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* depicts 2 wealthy French ambassadors of the king
* For humanists
* to remind them that death and Christ is more important than worldly desires

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* An orphanage, a horizontal emphasis with a Colonade of rounded arches, Corinthian (classical)
* For the public
* A revival of a specific Italian/ Roman style

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Both classical and christian, a basic basilican plan, was never finished
* For the public
* A revival of an early Christian Church style

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* plain exterior with 3 parts mimicking body anatomy, exterior has 3 stories, interior has more than 3, Heavy stone going lighter moving to the top
* For the Medici, aka the bankers to the pope
* Building speaks to their importance; a revival of a Roman apartment building

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Covered up to be David from the bible, but it is thought to be a homosexual boy
* Made for a private patron who is homosexual
* gives him erotic pleasure
* “The hat game”

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts Mary Magdalene praying in the wilderness
* Addresses Christians who are committing sins of the flesh
* Makes them feel guilt and to make them change their ways

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts St. Peter and Christ paying taxes
* For the Church
* Tells them that the church should pay taxes as well
* Florence passed a law that raised taxes on the rich; the church ignored this artwork

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts the virgin Mary accepting the news of her pregnancy under the guise of a nun in a monastery
* Addresses monks for the purpose of instruction
* “Be like Mary: docile, quiet, don’t cause trouble, etc.”

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts a modest Venus’ (Venus Pudica) birth according to Ovid’s ‘Metamorphoses”
* Commissioned for a wedding of the Medici family
* Tries to reconcile Classical and Christian subjects

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* St. Jerome is shown punishing himself for turning his back on the Bible, focusing on death and the afterlife
* Addresses Humanists, and for the church
* To make humanists feel remorseful, to feel what he feels and to focus on the things that matter

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* A depiction of a woman with a sly smile
* For himself, but started as a commission
* She and her ultimate mystery represents the limits of what we will ever know of nature,

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Shows St. Francis as a hermit who hasn’t fully given up on the world; he is singing “praise to the creatures”, a song he wrote himself
* For the public


* Celebrates and embraces the world “Turning away from turning away”

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts a classical orgy with deities that has gotten out of hand
* For the Duke of Ferrara and his Friend
* Provides erotic pleasure for him and his court

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts a helpless woman that is identified with the body, beauty and sensuality of Venus
* For a collector
* Provides visual and tactile pleasure and celebrates the beauty of flesh and landscape

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts a woman welcoming the viewer to sex, a painting for the bedroom
* For the Duke of Urbino/ Addresses women
* Celebrates the coming of age of the Duke’s wife/ encourages women to masturbate during sex t increase fertility

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Two clothed men, one represents the harmony between city/ rich and the other country/ poor, and two naked women
* For a collector
* Provides the viewer with non-erotic, but sensual pleasure, appeal to the senses

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* Depicts the moment where Jesus said, “One of you has betrayed me.” to his disciples, and their reactions
* For the monks
* Tells them “Don’t betray Jesus”, and instructs them to take the message of the trinity to the four corners of the world.

Artist name, name of work, date, category

Limbourg Brothers, August, The Very Rich Hours (of the Duke of Berry), 1413 - 1416, Early Northern Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Raphael, Madonna of the Meadow, 1505-1508 High Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Michelangelo, David, 1501-1504, High Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Raphael, School of Athens in the Stanza Della Segnatura (Room of the signatures) 1510-11 High Renaissance

Artist name, Work of art name, Date, Category

Michelangelo, the Creation of Adam, Sistine Chapel, 1508-12 High Renaissance

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* 17 foot tall heroic nude of David before facing Goliath in battle
* For Florentine young men
* A lesson in civic virtue
* Was placed outside of City hall

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* depicts god infusing life, a soul, and mind into Adam
* For the general public


* Show us who we are as humans, descendants of Adam (Perfect) and Noah (Drunk, imperfect), The ultimate truth about ourselves

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* An image of all the famous philosophers and artists from Athens, Greece
* For the Pope
* An argument that classicism and Christianity are complementary, which is rationalization, and the pope stands at the center of this idea

* What is it?
* Who is it for?
* What does it do for them?
* Context?

* A motherly depiction of the virgin Mary
* For Christians
* To provide them help; an object they can pray to
* It is now in a museum, and it now provides the viewer with aesthetic pleasure