chapter 13 vocab

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25 Terms

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political participation
the different ways in which individuals take action to shape laws and policies of a government
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political action committee (PAC)
an organization that raises money to elect and defeat candidates and may donate money directly to a candidate’s campaign, subject to limits
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linkage institution
channels that connect individuals with government, including elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media
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social movement
the joining of individuals seeking social or political change with the goal of placing issues on the policy agenda
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franchise (suffrage)
the right to vote
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poll tax
a payment required by a state or federal government before a citizen is allowed to vote
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24th amendment
prohibits congress and the states from imposing poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections
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26th amendment
allows those 18 years and older to vote
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voter turnout

the number of eligible voters who participate in an election as a percentage of the total number of eligible votes

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demographic characteristics
measurable characteristics of a population, such as economic status, education, age, race or ethnicity, and gender
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socioeconomic status (SES)
a measure of an individual’s wealth, income, occupation, and educational attainment
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political efficacy
a person’s belief that they can make an effective political change
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political mobilization
efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote
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registration requirements
the set of rules that govern who can vote and how, when, and where they vote
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absentee ballot
voting completed and submitted by a voter before the day of an election without going to the polls
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rational choice voting
voting based on what a citizen believes is in their best interest
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retrospective voting
voting based on an assessment of an incumbent’s past performance
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prospective voting

casting a ballot for a candidate who promises to enact policies favored by the voter in the future

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party-line voting
voting for candidates who belong to only one political party for all the officers on the ballot
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electoral college

a constitutionally required process for selecting the president through electors chosen in each state, who are pledged to vote for a nominee in the presidential election

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winner-take-all system
a system of elections in which the candidate who wins the plurality of votes within a state receives all of that state’s votes in the electoral college
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battleground state
a state where the polls show a close contest between the republican and democratic candidate in a presidential election
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swing state

a state where levels of support for the parties are similar and elections swing back and forth between democrats and republicans

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get out the vote (GOTV)
efforts to mobilize supporters
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super PAC
an organization that may spend an unlimited amount of money on a political campaign, as long as the spending is not coordinated with the campaign