Hi middle ages 👋

How did kings strengthen their rule

William - Required vassals to swear 1st alliegence to him, ordered a census

(doomsday book)

William the Conqueror

Domesday book - Census of land for taxes

Makes him more popular because supports economy and fair taxes

first norman king

Henry 2nd

Institutes common law - replaces feudal law

Claimed he had the right to try clergy in royal courts

His friend he promoted to archbishop disagreed

thomas beckett

He killed him.

thomas beckett

ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY

Feudal court vs royal court vs papal court

Feudal - run by lords

Royal - Run by king

papal - church

Clergy

Member of church

Common law vs feudal law

Common law - Made by kings, general

Feudal law - king grants land to nobles and protection, nobles give loyalty, taxes, military aid. Nobles make laws in counties

King John

Abused his power and taxes - Nobles angry

Forced to sign Magna Carta

Magna Carta

Significance - First time in English history that a king loses power - Influence the future of kings

the first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law.

It also included rules for how justice would be dealt out across England, fishing rights, church rights and rules against false imprisonment.

King Edward

Started to put common people in the parliament

Used to be nobles and clergy

common people would like him and nobles would lose power

France time

ok

The Capetians

Hereditary rule family that controlled france for a few centuries

Placed royal law in lands - replaced feudal

Concordat of Worms

Settled Lay Investiture dispute

Church - ruled in favor of

King - Had to pay homage to king (respect), also allowed to dictate fiefdoms the church got in their lands

Church v. Science

During midddle ages - innovation stops

Science stopped advancing

Church determined scientific advancements so church said bullcrap

east rome was better but west was no bueno

why crusade start

muslims were in Jerusalem for hundreds of years, attacked constantinople

Deus Vult

divine providence

pope urban II + crusade 1

Crusades

Council of clermont, he helps byzantine emperor drive out muslims

4 yearls after council they capture jerusalem

•EFFECT OF CRUSADES ON MEDIEVAL EUROPE

•POSITIVES – Trade expanded - march took them east into the trade empire / Returning Crusaders came back with goods / increased the power of the monarchs - by getting Jerusalem *kinda, mostly because most soldiers did it voluntarily and goal was accomplished, also kings and leaders were there with the people so people saw them as better / wider world view - saw what life could be like– travel

•NEGATIVES – Atrocities committed by Muslims and Christians / Mistrust of Religions / Severe persecution of the Jews – who would flee

QUIZ 1 oVER

ok but stfu

Spanish Reconquista

the christians taking back the land they had lost in spain. (iberian peninsula)

•MUSLIMS AND JEWS IN TROUBLE

QUEEN ISABELLA COMPLETES THE RECONQUISTA AND ATTEMPTS TO IMPOSE RELIGIOUS UNITY (CHRISTIAN) –

REMEMBER THE BATTLE OF TOURS

•NON CONVERTERS JAILED / EXPELLED / BURNT AT THE STAKE

tours

muslims push christianity out of spain and christians hold in gaul francs help push muslims back and christians start attacking the muslims in spain

black death

probably came from southeast asia/ china

ships with rats with fleas probably

1 IN 3 DIED, economies 👎

italy recovered quick - renaissance

shortage of labor, wages go up

less food, cost to make go up, prices of food go up

Started using livestock because it was cheaper and needed less labor

peasants went to cities, over crowding, plague gets worse

start to rebel

schism

seperation

church crisis - papal schism

pope clement (french) move papal court to Avignon, France until pope gregory moves it back to rome (angers french cardinals) French king wants the church in France.

Election for new pope after gregory death - italian vs french cardinal

Italian won - probably rigged/dishonest

French were angry - dont accept new pope, elect their own.

both excommunicate eachother

group of cardinals get tired of this, make their own pope (german part)

power of church weakened because people lost faith

100 years war

france and england fighting over france because lots of partly french english kings, (many french fought for england too)

political system of england turned into a elective or smth monarchy (parliament gains power)

french monarchy got stronger - bc they won (growing sense of nationalism)

Joan of Arc

said she had visions with archangels/angels telling her to lead french to victory over english (cray cray)

The king believed her , gave her military position

started to win battles

increases jealousy of others and increases king’s support of her

She is captured and put on trial in England for the visions and for dressing like a man,

burned at the stake

she was canonized a few centuries later and her trial verdict was deemed untrue