Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Similarities in the major 3 lipids
Insoluble in water (less dense)
Provides food with: flavor, texture, aroma
Provides body insulation, helps transport fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK), and line cell membranes
Absorption
Process by which substances are taken up into the bloodstream or cells after digestion.
Digestion
The process by which food is broken down into smaller components, enabling absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
Anabolism
The metabolic process that builds larger molecules from smaller ones, using energy to synthesize complex molecules like proteins and nucleic acids.
Enzyme
A biological catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions in the body, crucial for digestion and metabolism. ( ends in -ase)
Cardiovascular System
The system is responsible for the circulation of blood and lymph throughout the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Respiratory system
The system is responsible for the exchange of gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment, primarily involving the lungs and airways.
Lymphatic (Immune) system
The system that helps defend the body against infection and disease, consisting of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and lymph fluid.
Urinary system
The system is responsible for the elimination of waste products from the body, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, primarily involving the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Muscular system
The system that enables movement of the body and maintains posture, consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
Skeletal System
The system that provides structure and support to the body, protects internal organs, and facilitates movement, consisting of bones, cartilage, and joints.
Nervous system
The system that coordinates and regulates body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Endocrine system
The system that regulates bodily functions through hormones, maintaining homeostasis, and includes glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
Bio-availability
The degree to which nutrients or bioactive compounds are absorbed and utilized by the body after ingestion.
Chemical digestion
The process by which food is broken down into smaller components through enzymatic action in the digestive tract, allowing for nutrient absorption.
Mechanical digestion
The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work during chemical digestion.
What starts the digestion of starch?
Salivary amylase begins the digestion of starch in the mouth.
Epiglottis
A flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.
Esophagus
The muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) with the stomach, facilitating the movement of food through peristalsis.
Persistalisis
The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract, primarily occurring in the esophagus and intestines.
Spincters
Muscle valves that regulate the passage of food or fluids between different parts of the digestive tract, ensuring proper digestion and preventing backflow.
Lower esophageal spincters (LES)
A ring of muscle at the junction of the esophagus and stomach that prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
Glycolysis
Lipolysis
Breakdown of lipids for energy
Glucagon
Made by alpha cells, opposes insulin (raises blood glucose)
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen breakdown, releasing it to the bloodstream
Gluconeogenesis
Making glucose from non-carb sources (protein/fat)
Ketone bodies
Byproduct of incomplete fat breakdown
Ketoacidosis
Condition of very high blood acidity
Villi
Tiny, finger like projections of small intestinal lining that participate in digesting and absorbing food
microvilli
A brush border that is made up of microscopic cells
Prebiotics
Forms of dietary fiber that are poorly digested by humans.
Probiotics
Live, beneficial gut microbes that have been cultured under lab conditions.
Type 1 diabetes
autoimmune disease
Beta cells stop making insulin
Type 2 diabetes
Most common type
Insulin Resistant cells
Type 1 diabetes treatment
Requires treatment with insulin
Needs a carb controlled diet
Need daily self testing of blood glucose
Cholesterol
Makes vitamin D and sex hormones
chylomicrons
Lipoprotein that carries dietary fat
LDL (Low density lipoproteins)
“Bad” cholesterol; transports oxidized cholesterol to cells, but can deposit this in the walls of your arteries. Think as in trash can
HDL (High density lipoproteins)
“Good” cholesterol; smallest and densest lipoprotein. Can remove cholesterol from your blood and deliver it to the liver to be excreted. Think like a pickup truck for LDL (trash cans)
Stomach
A holding and a mixing tank; contains juices with HCL
Small intestine
The majority of digestion/absorption occurs here; contains villi
Large intestine
Absorbs water and electrolytes; houses the gut microbiome