Chemistry: Octet Rule, Molecular Structure, and Intermolecular Forces

What is the Octet Rule?

Every atom is trying to reach 8 valence electrons.

What is a Skeletal Molecule?

Shows arrangement of atoms connected only with single bonds.

What is a Central Atom?

The atom in the middle, least electronegative.

What is a Terminal Atom?

Atoms on the ends of a molecule, most electronegative.

What is a Lone Pair?

Unshared electrons represented by two dots.

What is an Expanded Octet?

Central atom has more than 8 electrons.

What is a Suboctet?

Central atom has less than 8 electrons.

What is Resonance?

When more than one valid Lewis structure can be written.

What are Hybrid Orbitals?

Overlap of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals of equal energy.

What does VSEPR stand for?

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion.

What is Polarity in molecules?

Molecules/atoms with partial charges.

What is the bond composition of a single bond?

1 sigma bond.

What is the bond composition of a double bond?

1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond.

What is the bond composition of a triple bond?

1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds.

How do bond length and bond strength change between single, double, and triple bonds?

Single bonds are the longest and weakest; triple bonds are the shortest and strongest.

Which elements always form suboctets?

Boron and Beryllium.

Which element sometimes forms a suboctet?

Aluminum.

What are the requirements for forming an expanded octet?

Nonmetals in period 3 or higher.

If there is an odd number of valence electrons, a suboctet, or an expanded octet, which atom will be the 'weird' one?

The central atom.

What type of intermolecular forces are present in SO₂?

Dipole-dipole and London dispersion.

What type of intermolecular forces are present in H₂O?

Hydrogen bonds and dipole-dipole.

What type of intermolecular forces are present in CH₄?

London dispersion.

What type of intermolecular forces are present in N₂?

London dispersion.

What type of intermolecular forces are present in HF?

Hydrogen bonds and dipole-dipole.

What type of intermolecular forces are present in NaCl?

Ion-ion.