functional groups and more

alkane

only C-H single bonds

cycloalkane

only single bonds in a ring

alkene

has C=H double bond(s)

cycloalkene

ring structure w double bond(s)

alkyne

has C=H triple bonds

aromatic ring

ring/cycle of alternating single and double bonds

alcohol

R - OH (hydroxyl group)

ether

R-O-R oxygen single bonded to 2 other groups

carbonyl (NOT a fx group)

C=O carbon double bonded to oxygen

aldehyde

carbonyl bonded to a H and another group; usually at the end of a molecule

ketone

carbonyl single bonded to 2 other groups; usually in the middle of a molecule

carboxylic acid

carbonyl + alcohol + other group

amine

anything with N

amide

O=C-N carbonyl bonded to a N

nitrile/cyano

C=N triple bond

methyl

CH₃

methylene

CH₂

methine

CH

are di- tri- tetra- part of alphabetization?

NO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

is iso- part of alphabetization?

yea

acidity increases…?

to the right and down the periodic table

basicity increases…?

to the left and up the periodic table

sp

180^o linear and bonded to 2 things

sp²

120^o trigonal planar and bonded to 3 things

sp³

109.5^o tetrahedral and bonded to 4 things

constitutional isomer

same formula, different bonding order

geometric isomer

same formula, same bonding order, different physical arrangement

newman projection w lower potential energy…?

staggered

newman projection w higher potential energy…?

eclipsed