AP Human Geo 5.1-5.5 Quiz

Mediterranean Climate

Mediterranean Climate

hot/dry summer climate

mild winter and a defined rainy season

foods: certain fruits, vegtables, and grains such as grapes, olives, figs, dates, tomatoes, zuchuni, wheat and barley

locations:along Mediterranean coast, Parts of Californa+Orgen, centeral Chile, South Africa’s Cape, parts of Austrailia

Tropical Climate

hot, humid climate that produces certain plants such as cassava, banana, sugar cane, sweet potato, papaya, rice, and maize

Locations: places near the equator

Intensive farming

farming that uses large amounts of labor and money

Market Gardening (Truck Farming)

type of intensive farming

small scale food production (fruits/veggies) for sale at local markets

Location: Southeastern USA

Who: Migrant Workers, fertilizers, and machinary

Types of crops: Apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce, tomatoes, mushrooms

Plantation Agriculture

type of intensive farming

cash crops, grown on large estates, usally for export

Locations: Tropics and Subtropics-Latin America, Africa, and Asia

Types of crops: cotton, sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco

Plantations

a large farm that speacilizes in 1 or 2 crops

Mixed Crop/Livestock Systems

type of intensive farming

combination of cash crops with livestock to complement

Location: Midwestern and Eastern US, Western Europe

Consumers: Mostly animals

Extensive farming

farming that uses smaller amounts of labor and money but more land area

Shifting Cultivation(slash and burn)

Type of extensive farming

cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings using a natural rotation system

Ownership: private indivuals

Common: 5% of the world

Crop Rotation system

type of extensive farming

the practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed pressure

Interiliage

type of extensive farming

grows multiple kinds of crops

Locations: Central America, South America, Sub-sarhan Africa, Southeast Asia

Nomadic Herding

type of extensive farming

seasonal migration of domesticated livestock usually between highlands and lowlands

Locations: Bedouins of Saudi Arabia and North Africa; Masai of East Asia

Takes up 20% of the worlds land

Ranching

type of extensive farming

the commerical grazing of livestock over an extensive area

Most important animals: cows and sheep

Locations: Arid or semi Arid land

Meets and bounds

irregularly shaped tracts that nucleated and don’t conform to a retangular system

This is using relative location

Results in clustered/nucleated patterns

Township and range

rectangular survey system used by the US government to divide the land into a grid

Results in dispersed patterns

Long lot

divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, canals, giving each houshold equal access to water resources

common in French areas of the US

Results in linear patterns

1. The Neolithic Revolution

Occured around 10,000 BCE

What changed: Natural conditions made it easier to grow crops, introduction of the domestication of animals and agriculture

What were the important results: Permanant settlements were established, civilizations began to develop, population increased

2nd Agricultural Revolution

Occured between late 1600s-1800s and arund the same time as the Industrial Revolution

Farming methods improve

Dutch bulits soil walls called dikes to restrict the sea providing more land for agriculture

Combined smaller fields to make use of the lands and use fertilizer from livestock to renwe the soil

Soil mixing and crop rotation

More food production, people eating healthier, better hygiene and sanatation, medical advancements, increased urabanization

The Columbian Exchange

The process by which commodities, people, and diseases crossed the Atlantic 

Spread of diseases, animals, plants ideas, farming methods

Enclosure movement

land became privitized in Europe

some people moved to cities to find new jobs

farmers had incentives to produce more

3.Green Revolution

After the 1950s

Involoved the diffusion of modern agricultural practices to develop in countries

Using higher yield seeds and fertilizers

GMO’s introduced

Increased use of chemical and mechanized farming

Fourth Agricultural Revolution

Now

A movement in which food is both grown and sold locally, and fertilizers and pesticides are minimized or eliminated in favor of pure organic farming

Subsistence Agriculture

Farming designed to grow food only to sustain farmers and their families, consuming most of that they produce without enetring into cash economy of the country

Commerical agriculture

a system in whcih farmers produce crops and animals primarily for sale

Swidden

land that is cleared for planting using the slash-and-burn process

Transhumace

a seasonal vertical movemnet by herding the livestock to cooler, greener high country pastures in the summer and returning them to lowland settings for fall and winter grazing