P - S2023 - Describing Motion

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Physics with Toys-- Motion

Physics

7th

30 Terms

1

reference point

starting point you choose to describe the location, or position, of an object

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2

position

an object's distance and direction from a reference point

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3

motion

the process of changing position

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4

displacement

the difference between the initial (first) position and the final position of an object (vector quantity)

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5

distance

how much ground an object has covered during its motion (scalar quantity)

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6

scalar

quantities that are described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone

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7

vector

quantities that are described by both a magnitude and a direction

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8

speed

a measure of the distance an object travels per unit of time (scalar quantity)

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9

constant speed

the rate of change of position in which the same distance is traveled each second

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10

instantaneous speed

speed at a specific instant in time

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11

average speed

the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken to travel that distance

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12

average speed formula

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13

velocity

the speed and the direction of a moving object (vector quantity)

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14

units for speed & velocity

meters per second (m/s)

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15

acceleration

a measure of the change in velocity during a period of time (vector quantity)

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16

average acceleration formula

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17

units for acceleration

meters per second per second (m/s/s or m/s^2)

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18

p-t graph - object at rest

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19

p-t graph - constant, positive velocity

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20

p-t graph - constant, negative velocity

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21

p-t graph - accelerating in the positive direction

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22

p-t graph - accelerating in the negative direction

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23

p-t graph - decelerating in the positive direction

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24

p-t graph - decelerating in the negative direction

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25

p-t graph - constant positive velocity, then higher constant positive velocity

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26

p-t graph - higher constant positive velocity, then lower constant positive velocity

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27

v-t graph - constant positive velocity; no acceleration

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28

v-t graph - object at rest

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29

v-t graph - constant negative velocity, no acceleration

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30

v-t graph - positive acceleration

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