Chem 1C Midterm 2 - OCHEM functional groups

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Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

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9 Terms

1

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alkanes

properties:
- IMFs - LDF
- low BP, high VP
- insoluble in water
naming:
- #C-branchnamebasename’ane’

<ul><li><p>properties:</p><ul><li><p>IMFs - LDF</p></li><li><p>low BP, high VP</p></li><li><p>insoluble in water</p></li></ul></li><li><p>naming:</p><ul><li><p>#C-branchnamebasename’ane’</p></li></ul></li></ul>

2

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branched alkanes

isopropyl
- little fork
isobutyl
- little fork + methyl
sec-butyl
- wiggly chain
tert-butyl
- cross

<ul><li><p>isopropyl</p><ul><li><p>little fork</p></li></ul></li><li><p>isobutyl</p><ul><li><p>little fork + methyl</p></li></ul></li><li><p>sec-butyl</p><ul><li><p>wiggly chain</p></li></ul></li><li><p>tert-butyl</p><ul><li><p>cross</p></li></ul></li></ul>

3

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alcohols

oxygen is sp3, bent molecule
properties:
- IMFs: LDF, D/D, H-bond
- higher BP than alkanes
- polar, soluble in water
- can lose -OH or H (amphoteric)
naming:
- like alkane, but replace ‘e’ with ‘ol’
- give smallest # near to OH group

<ul><li><p>oxygen is sp3, bent molecule</p></li><li><p>properties:</p><ul><li><p>IMFs: LDF, D/D, H-bond</p></li><li><p>higher BP than alkanes</p></li><li><p>polar, soluble in water</p></li><li><p>can lose -OH or H (amphoteric)</p></li></ul></li><li><p>naming:</p><ul><li><p>like alkane, but replace ‘e’ with ‘ol’</p></li><li><p>give smallest # near to OH group</p></li></ul></li></ul>

4

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ethers

oxygen is sp3, bent molecule
properties:
- IMFs: LDF, D/D, moderate BP
- polar for small
naming:
- IUPAC (formal)
  - name longest chain like alkane
  - name shorter part, branch with o, end in ‘oxy’
  - C# for branch
- common
  - list substituents A→Z
  - then ‘ether’

<ul><li><p>oxygen is sp3, bent molecule</p></li><li><p>properties:</p><ul><li><p>IMFs: LDF, D/D, moderate BP</p></li><li><p>polar for small</p></li></ul></li><li><p>naming:</p><ul><li><p>IUPAC (formal)</p><ul><li><p>name longest chain like alkane</p></li><li><p>name shorter part, branch with o, end in ‘oxy’</p></li><li><p>C# for branch</p></li></ul></li><li><p>common</p><ul><li><p>list substituents A→Z</p></li><li><p>then ‘ether’</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

5

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aldehydes

carbon is sp2, trigonal planar
properties:
- IMFs: LDF, D/D
- polar for small
naming:
- like alkane, replace ‘e’ with ‘al’

<ul><li><p>carbon is sp2, trigonal planar</p></li><li><p>properties:</p><ul><li><p>IMFs: LDF, D/D </p></li><li><p>polar for small</p></li></ul></li><li><p>naming:</p><ul><li><p>like alkane, replace ‘e’ with ‘al’</p></li></ul></li></ul>

6

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ketones

carbon is sp2, trigonal planar
properties:
- IMFs: LDF, D/D, moderate BP
- polar for small
naming:
- end in ‘one’

<ul><li><p>carbon is sp2, trigonal planar</p></li><li><p>properties:</p><ul><li><p>IMFs: LDF, D/D, moderate BP</p></li><li><p>polar for small</p></li></ul></li><li><p>naming:</p><ul><li><p>end in ‘one’</p></li></ul></li></ul>

7

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carboxylic acids

properties:
- IMFs: LDF, D/D, H-bond
- higher BP
- amphoteric
naming:
- end in ‘oic acid’

<ul><li><p>properties:</p><ul><li><p>IMFs: LDF, D/D, H-bond</p></li><li><p>higher BP</p></li><li><p>amphoteric</p></li></ul></li><li><p>naming:</p><ul><li><p>end in ‘oic acid’</p></li></ul></li></ul>

8

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esters

properties:
- IMFs: LDF, D/D
- usually sweet
naming:
- first count R’ ends in ‘yl’
- second count R ends in ‘oate’

<ul><li><p>properties:</p><ul><li><p>IMFs: LDF, D/D</p></li><li><p>usually sweet</p></li></ul></li><li><p>naming:</p><ul><li><p>first count R’ ends in ‘yl’</p></li><li><p>second count R ends in ‘oate’</p></li></ul></li></ul>

9

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amines

properties:
- contain nitrogen
- primary, secondary, and tertiary (shown)
naming:
- formal
  - longer chain like alkanes, but replace ‘e’ with ‘amine’
  - C# where attached to N
  - shorter chains A→Z and in ‘yl’
    - use ‘N’ instead of # if attached to N
- common
  - list substituents A→Z then ‘amine’

<ul><li><p>properties:</p><ul><li><p>contain nitrogen</p></li><li><p>primary, secondary, and tertiary (shown)</p></li></ul></li><li><p>naming:</p><ul><li><p>formal</p><ul><li><p>longer chain like alkanes, but replace ‘e’ with ‘amine’</p></li><li><p>C# where attached to N</p></li><li><p>shorter chains A→Z and in ‘yl’</p><ul><li><p>use ‘N’ instead of # if attached to N</p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>common</p><ul><li><p>list substituents A→Z then ‘amine’</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>