Anatomical Terms and Body Regions:

Anatomical Position

A standard position of the body used as a reference. Body is upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.

Left vs Right

Refers to the body's perspective, not the observer's.

Cranial (Cephalic)

Head or skull region.

Frontal

Forehead region.

Nasal

Nose region.

Orbital

Eye region.

Buccal

Cheek region.

Aural

Ear region.

Oral

Mouth region.

Mental

Chin region.

Cervical

Neck region.

Acromial

Shoulder region.

Brachial

Arm region.

Axillary

Armpit region.

Antecubital

Front of the elbow.

Antebrachial

Forearm region.

Carpal

Wrist region.

Manus

Hand region.

Palmar

Palm region.

Pollex

Thumb region.

Digital (Hand)

Fingers.

Thoracic

Chest region.

Pectoral

Chest muscles region.

Mammary

Breast region.

Sternal

Breastbone region.

Abdominal

Abdomen region.

Umbilical

Navel (belly button) region.

Coxal

Hip region.

Pelvic

Pelvis region.

Inguinal

Groin region.

Pubic

Genital region.

Femoral

Thigh region.

Patellar

Front of the knee.

Crural

Leg region.

Tarsal

Ankle region.

Pedal

Foot region.

Digital (Foot)

Toes.

Hallux

Big toe.

Olecranon

Back of the elbow.

Dorsum

Back region.

Scapular

Shoulder blade region.

Vertebral

Spine region.

Lumbar

Lower back region.

Sacral

Region between hips.

Gluteal

Buttock region.

Popliteal

Back of the knee.

Sural

Calf region.

Calcaneal

Heel region.

Plantar

Sole of the foot.

Right Hypochondriac

Upper right region of the abdomen.

Epigastric

Upper central region of the abdomen.

Left Hypochondriac

Upper left region of the abdomen.

Right Lumbar

Middle right region of the abdomen.

Umbilical

Central region of the abdomen.

Left Lumbar

Middle left region of the abdomen.

Right Iliac (Inguinal)

Lower right region of the abdomen.

Hypogastric

Lower central region of the abdomen.

Left Iliac (Inguinal)

Lower left region of the abdomen.

Superior

Above or higher in position.

Inferior

Below or lower in position.

Cranial

Toward the head.

Caudal

Toward the tail or lower part of the body.

Anterior

Front of the body.

Posterior

Back of the body.

Ventral

Toward the front of the body.

Dorsal

Toward the back of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment to the body.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment to the body.

Superficial

Toward or at the body surface.

Deep

Away from the body surface.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right parts.

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

Divides the body into upper and lower parts.

Base

Provides stable support for the microscope.

Arm

Used to support and carry the microscope.

Power Switch

Turns the microscope on and off.

Voltage Regulator

Adjusts the light intensity.

Illuminator

Provides light to view the specimen.

Condenser

Focuses light through the specimen.

Iris Diaphragm

Adjusts the amount of light passing through the specimen.

Stage

Holds the slide being viewed.

Mechanical Stage

Allows for precise movement of the slide.

Coarse Focus

Used for general focusing.

Fine Focus

Used for precise focusing.

Stage Adjustment Knobs

Moves the stage left/right and