Anatomy 2 Quiz 5

thoracic duct

ID vessel

everywhere but the right upper quadrant

Lymph from what part of the body will drain to the thoracic duct?

the right upper quadrant

Lymph from what part of the body will drain to the right lymphatic duct?

pharyngeal tonsil

ID Structure

palatine tonsils

ID Structure

lingual tonsils

ID Structure

lingual tonsil

ID Structure

lymphocytes and macrophages

What type of cells can you find in the tonsils?

right lymphatic duct

ID vessel

cisterna chyli

ID vessel

thymus

ID Structure

spleen

ID Structure

splenic vein

ID vessel

splenic artery

ID vessel

celiac trunk

ID vessel

appendix

ID Structure

thoracic lymph node

ID Structure

cervical lymph node

ID Structure

axillary lymph node

ID Structure

intestinal lymph node

ID Structure

inguinal lymph node

ID Structure

hepatic portal vein

ID vessel

function of the lymphatic system

return water, ions, nutrients, gases, and plasma proteins to the blood

lymphatic capillaries

-”blind-ended” lymphatic vessels located in the microscopic spaces between tissue cells

-these collect excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream

interstitial fluid

the extracellular fluid in the microscopic spaces between tissue cells

lymphatic capillaries

very permeable (take up cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells)

locations of lymphatic capillaries

cartilage, epidermis, and cornea

lactels

What is the name of lymphatic capillaries in the villi of the small intestine?

collecting vessels

lymphatic capillaries merge to form larger vessels called _____

collecting vessels

lymph from lymphatic capillaries flows into ________

trunks

lymph from collecting vessels flows into _____________

ducts

lymph from trunks flows into ___________

collecting vessels

carry lymph into and out of structures called lymph nodes

lymphatic trunks

the largest collecting vessels exiting the lymph nodes merge to form this

thoracic duct

largest lymphatic vessel

typically empties lymph into venous blood at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

right lymphatic duct

typically empties lymph into venous blood at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

reasons for lymph transport

-the “milking” action of skeletal

-respiratory movements (due to pressure changes)

-semilunar valves that prevent backflow

lymphocytes and macrophages

lymphatic tissue consist primarily of ________

tonsils

provide protection against bacteria and other foreign substances that can enter the pharynx from nasal or oral cavities

lymph nodes

-structures located along collecting vessels that filter lymph to remove damaged cells and microorgamisms

-contain lymphocytes and macrophages

functions of the spleen

-involved with immune responses

-filters blood

-RBC production in the fetus

thymus gland

-site of T cell production

-replaced by adipose tissue throughout life

appendix

contains lymphocytes and macrophages

major functions of the urinary system

-eliminates wastes from the body

-regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood

-regulates blood volume and blood

function of the kidneys

-helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, pressure, and pH of the blood

the liver

why is the right kidney lower than the left kidney?

renal hilus

where does the ureter, nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels enter and exit the kidneys?

renal pyramids

what forms the renal medulla?

renal papilla

what is contained within each renal pyramid?

renal column

what is the column of tissue between pyramids?

major and minor calyces

drains urine into the renal pelvis

renal pelvis

drains urine into ureter

renal arteries

carries oxygenated blood into the kidneys

renal veins

carries deoxygenated blood into the kidneys

nephrons

-gets rid of waste (in the form of urine)

-returning needed materials to the blood

-microscopic structures in the kidney (over one million per kidney)

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

each nephron is composed of what?

renal corpuscle

-composed of the glomerular capsule and glomerulus

-as blood flows through the glomerulus, substances are filtered out of the blood plasma int the glomerulus capsule

-the filtered substances that are now in the glomerular capsule are called filtrate

-filtrate flows into the renal tubule

renal tubule

-composed of the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubule

proximal convoluted tubule

portion of the renal tubule that receives filtrate from the glomerular capsule

loop of henle

-receives filtrate from the proximal tubule

-consists of the descending limb and ascending limb

distal convoluted tubule

-receives filtrate from the loop of henle

-drains filtrate into the collecting ducts

minor calyces

where is the first place you see urine?

afferent arteriole

carries blood into the glomerulus

efferent arteriole

-carries blood out of the glomerulus

-gives the rise to peritubular capillaries

juxtaglomerular cells

special smooth muscle cells forming a cufflike arrangement around the afferent arteriole

macula densa

specialized cells located in the part of DCT that lies between the afferent and efferent arterioles

juxtaglomerular apparatus

-secretes renin

-helps maintain a constant GFR (glomerular filtrate rate)

peritubular capillaries

-surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

-give rise to the vasa recta

vasa recta

surround the loop of henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

ureters

transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

urinary bladder

stores urine (average capacity of bladder is 700-800 ml)

urethra

transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the rest of the body

700-800 mL

what is the average capacity of the bladder?

200-400 mL

at what urine level does a person want to pee?

detrusormuscle

urination leads to contraction of what muscle?

internal urethral sphincter

urination leads to relaxation of what muscle?

skeletal muscle

external urethral sphincter is what kind of muscle?

renal hilus

ID Structure

renal pyramid

ID Structure

renal cortex

ID Structure

renal column

ID Structure

renal papillae

ID Structure

major renal calyces

ID Structure

minor renal calyces

ID Structures

renal pelvis

ID Structure

ureter

ID Structure

ureter

ID Structure

no

Is the collecting duct part of the nephron?

glomerulus capsule

ID Structure

glomerulus

ID Structure

proximal convoluted tubule

ID structure

distal convoluted tubule

ID Structure

ascending limb of loop of henle

ID Structure

descending limb of loop of henle

ID Structure

collecting duct

ID Structure

abdominal aorta

ID vessel

inferior vena cava

ID vessel

right renal vein

ID vessel

right renal artery

ID vessel

left renal vein

ID vessel