Lecture on Brain Structures and Functions-7

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the structures and functions of the brain as discussed in the lecture.

Brain Stem

Consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata; controls autonomic behaviors such as breathing and heart rate.

Midbrain

Sits between the diencephalon and the pons; contains corpora quadrigemina which control visual and auditory startle behaviors.

Pons

Bulbous structure that houses complete conduction pathways for communication between the brain and spinal cord and cranial nerves.

Medulla Oblongata

Controls autonomic reflexes; regulates cardiovascular and respiratory function and is the transition point to the spinal cord at the foramen magnum.

Cerebral Peduncles

Motor tracts in the midbrain that descend towards the spinal cord, referred to as 'little feet'.

Corpora Quadrigemina

Part of the midbrain involved in visual and auditory reflexes.

Substantia Nigra

Located in the midbrain; functionally linked to the basal nuclei and involved in the control of movement.

Crossover

The pyramids in the medulla oblongata are crossover points for corticospinal motor tracts, leading to contralateral control.

Cerebellum

Coordinates voluntary movements and balance; consists of two hemispheres connected by vermis.

Arbor Vitae

White matter of the cerebellum known for its tree-like appearance.

Reticular Formation

Network of neurons that regulates arousal and alertness throughout the brain.

Limbic System

Involved in emotional responses and integrates environmental stimuli with emotional assessments.

Broca's Area

Involved in speech production; damage can impair speech but comprehension remains.

Wernicke's Area

Involved in understanding spoken and written language; damage can lead to fluent nonsensical speech.

Short Term Memory

Allows retention of a few pieces of information for short durations, often up to seven items.

Long Term Memory

Enables indefinite storage of vast amounts of information.

Hydrocephalus

A condition characterized by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, leading to increased intracranial pressure.

Blood Brain Barrier

Protective barrier that controls chemical substances entering the brain, allowing passage of nutrients but blocking toxins.

EEG

Electroencephalogram; measures the electrical activity of the brain and is used in diagnosing conditions like epilepsy.