psy

Josefina feels as if she isn't smart enough for her college after doing poorly on an exam. According to the "Who's in the Expert's Chair?" segment of the "New Insights into Life and Learning" lecture, which of the following is a GROWTH MINDSET intervention she can take to help her feel like she belongs?

- remind herself that her difficulties reflect low intelligence
- remind herself that her intelligence is not fixed and that she can improve her score on the next exam
- stop asking questions in class so that she doesn't look unintelligent in front of other students
- assume the poor grade was just a fluke and make no changes to her study strategy
- transfer to a different college that is less challenging

remind herself that her intelligence is not fixed and that she can improve her score on the next exam

Annie is taking a government class that has recently implemented a new repeated testing method with rapid grade feedback. She will have a quiz every class period over material from last class. According to the "Psychology in the News" segment from the "New Insights into Life and Learning" lecture, what will MOST LIKELY result from this class?

- Annie will have a harder time remembering content than she would in a normal midterm and final formatted class.
- Annie will have a good grasp on how she is doing in the class because of rapid feedback she gets after each quiz.
- Annie will have a poor sense of how she is doing in the class because of the frequent testing.
- Annie will not do well in her other classes because she will have to spend more time studying for this class.
- Annie will develop horrible study habits as a result of the frequent quizzes.

Annie will have a good grasp on how she is doing in the class because of rapid feedback she gets after each quiz.

Kiara plays the violin and wants to improve her skills as a violinist. According to the "New Insights into Life and Learning" lecture, which of the following is a SELF-REGULATED learning strategy she could use?

- Rely entirely on her violin tutor to give her tips for improvement
- Watch and copy exactly the techniques of other violinists
- Setting the goal of reducing flaws in her technique, monitor how she's doing, and make necessary changes to address the flaws she sees
- Practice less to avoid tiring herself out
- Avoid making changes to the way she practices

Setting the goal of reducing flaws in her technique, monitor how she's doing, and make necessary changes to address the flaws she sees

Anish is studying for an anatomy test and decided to look over the pictures in his textbook another time. Anya is reviewing for the same anatomy test and decided to make clay diagrams of some body parts. According to the "Research-Based Study Tips" reading and the "New Insights into Life and Learning" lecture, who would have the MOST success studying and why?

- Anya, because making clay diagrams involves active learning and challenging herself to apply her knowledge
- Anish, because cramming is very useful for improving memory long-term
- Anish, because making diagrams is too time-consuming and looking at approved textbook content is better
- Anya, because making clay diagrams is a very passive and entertaining tactic
- Anish, because re-reading allows him to gain new understanding of the material

Anya, because making clay diagrams involves active learning and challenging herself to apply her knowledge

According to the "Research-Based Study Tips" reading, which of the following is an effective ACTIVE learning strategy for students studying for an exam?

- cramming information the night before the exam
- reviewing new information without going back to study old information
- using flashcards and keeping cards that they get correct in the deck
- rereading material in order to refresh their memories
- using flashcards and taking a card out of the deck if they get it right

using flashcards and keeping cards that they get correct in the deck

Mr. Popper is on a board of educators trying to reform their school system in order to support students of color. According to the "How to Motivate Students to Work Harder" reading, what is the BEST policy they can implement to see results?

- Getting students to trust them and addressing students' psychological needs
- Giving strictly constructive criticism on their work to help them improve
- Focusing solely on adding more testing and quizzing to reinforce knowledge of material
- Telling teachers to reward and congratulate their students even if they failed
- Changing the math curriculum to be more detailed and include more material

Getting students to trust them and addressing students' psychological needs

According to the "New Insights into Life and Learning" lecture, which of the following students appear to be WELL CALIBRATED?

- Amanda, who thought she did amazing on her physics test, but got an F
- Rithvik, who was confident he did well on the chemistry test he studied for, and got an A
- Kesha, who spends more time studying her favorite and best subject
- Wesley, who spends more time looking over Russian vocabulary words that he already knows
- Sasha, who thought she did very poorly on her economics exam, but got an A

Rithvik, who was confident he did well on the chemistry test he studied for, and got an A

Gabriel is a highschool student living in a turbulent household. He maintains a pessimistic attitude, frequently breaks the law, suffers from nictotine addiction, and is prone to angry outbursts directed towards his classmates and teachers. According to the "Time and Culture" reading, from what temporal frame does Gabriel LIKELY operate?

Past Positive
Present Hedonistic
Present Vexation
Future Transcendental
Present Fatalistic

Present Fatalistic

According to the "Sensation and Perception" lecture, which of the following is the BEST example of a binocular cue?


A balcony overlaps Ruthann's view of the trees.
Objects that are largest will be perceived as closest to the observer.
Ruby utilizes artistic shadow to paint a hyperrealistic portrait of Pompey the Great.
The lens of Martha's eye thickens as she attempts to repair a delicate piece of jewlery.
James has blurry vision after vigorously rubbing his eyes.

The lens of Martha's eye thickens as she attempts to repair a delicate piece of jewlery.
James has blurry vision after vigorously rubbing his eyes.

Margaret is at a Grateful Dead concert, and is thrilled to HEAR the loud music. According to the "Sensation and Perception" lecture AND reading, what stimuli are responsible for Margaret's musical experience, AND, which sense organs are engaging in transduction?

High amplitude sound waves; auditory hair cells in the cochlea.
The movement of her body as she is pushed around in the crowd; three semicircular canals in the inner ear.
Bodily noiception; primary somatosensory cortex.
The flashing lights at the concert; photoreceptors in the retina.
The smell of popcorn and cannabis; olfactory receptors in the olfactory epithelium.

High amplitude sound waves; auditory hair cells in the cochlea.

According to the Sensation and Perception reading, which of the following scenarios BEST describes perception?

Eating a banana because you were hungry.
Getting really happy after tasting noodles because they remind you of your grandma's cooking.
Feeling a breeze against your skin.
Hearing a bird chirp in the morning.
Perception and sensation are the same thing.

Getting really happy after tasting noodles because they remind you of your grandma's cooking.

According to what you learned in the Sensation and Perception reading, which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates Weber's law?

Amir is holding a 30-pound bag of sand, and does not notice when another 30-pound bag of sand is placed on top.
An older person not being able to notice a loud change in volume in comparison to a younger person
It being easier to see the color yellow than the color red
Not being able to see the color of a building when looking at it from your peripheral vision
Sebastian is holding a heavy box of books, but does not notice much of a weight change when a light paperback book is placed on top of the box.

Sebastian is holding a heavy box of books, but does not notice much of a weight change when a light paperback book is placed on top of the box.

Katie is in a museum looking at a painting and notices that she can see the color better when she stands directly in front of the painting, as opposed to viewing it with her periphery vision. According to the "Sensation" lecture, this is MOST likely due to:

Cones being more concentrated in the center of the eye
Cones being more concentrated on the periphery of the eye
Rods being more concentrated in the center of the eye
The lights casting a glare
The vast majority of cones being located in the right eye

Cones being more concentrated in the center of the eye

Nigel lives in an event-time society. While deep in conversation with a friend, Nigel remembers that he has an appointment with his electrician in thirty minutes. According to the "Time and Culture" reading, Nigel is MOST LIKELY to:

Cut the conversation short, to ensure that he is on time for his appointment
Show up late to the appointment, after the conversation with his friend naturally concludes
Abruptly pause the conversation with his friend to call and reschedule the appointment
Completely skip the appointment, not bothering to reschedule for another day
Fall silent, in an attempt to gather his thoughts before explaining to his friend that their conversation is a waste of time

Show up late to the appointment, after the conversation with his friend naturally concludes

Anish is studying for an anatomy test and decided to look over the pictures in his textbook another time. Anya is reviewing for the same anatomy test and decided to make clay diagrams of some body parts. According to the "Research-Based Study Tips" reading and the "New Insights into Life and Learning" lecture, who would have the MOST success studying and why?

Anya, because making clay diagrams involves active learning and challenging herself to apply her knowledge
Anish, because cramming is very useful for improving memory long-term
Anish, because making diagrams is too time-consuming and looking at approved textbook content is better
Anya, because making clay diagrams is a very passive and entertaining tactic
Anish, because re-reading allows him to gain new understanding of the material

Anya, because making clay diagrams involves active learning and challenging herself to apply her knowledge

A researcher obtained a correlation coefficient of -0.94 between number of pets owned and musical talent. According to the "Research Designs" reading and the "Correlation Coefficient intuition" video, which of the following MUST be true?

The MORE pets someone owns, the LESS likely they are to be musically talented
The MORE pets someone owns, the MORE likely they are to be musically talented
There is no association between how many pets someone owns and their musical talent
Being musically talented causes you to own FEWER pets
Owning more pets causes you to be LESS musically talented

The MORE pets someone owns, the LESS likely they are to be musically talented

Heather wants to test the effectiveness of a new treatment thought to reduce anxiety on her classmates. In order to do this she takes the existing class groups, and then gives one class the intervention while giving nothing to the other class. She then measures both class's anxiety scores before and after the intervention. According to the "Research Designs" reading, what type of research design BEST matches Heather's methods?

Experimental design
Longitudinal study
Correlational Design
Quasi-experimental design
Survey

Quasi-experimental design

According to the "Research Methods 1: Correlations" lecture, which of the following scenarios is the BEST example a measure that would be reliable AND valid?

London is baking a cake. She needs one teaspoon of baking powder. She doesn't have measuring spoons, so she uses a one-cup measuring cup to measure out the baking powder instead
Sammy is weighing bananas multiple times at the store. Each time, without adding extra bananas, the scale reports a different weight
Mark wants to see how much he weighs. He doesn't realize it, but his scale is set to show 3 pounds below the correct weight.
Little Billy has a fever. His mom takes his temperature each 30 minutes, and it shows 104 degrees each time. The next day, when Billy no longer has a fever and is feeling much better, the thermometer shows 98 degrees each time his temperature is measured.
Sophie is standing on the sidewalk, monitoring drivers' speeds with a remote speedometer. A car zooms by her but the speedometer only shows 5 mph

Little Billy has a fever. His mom takes his temperature each 30 minutes, and it shows 104 degrees each time. The next day, when Billy no longer has a fever and is feeling much better, the thermometer shows 98 degrees each time his temperature is measured.

According to the "Research Designs" reading and the "Research Methods 1: Correlations" lecture, which of the following would be the LEAST optimal operational definition of discomfort?

How many times per minute a person fidgets during a conversation with a person they feel uncomfortable talking to
How many times a person breaks eye contact during a conversation with a person they feel uncomfortable talking to
How red a person's cheeks become (from 1 - 10) during a conversation with a person they feel uncomfortable talking to
How much discomfort a person is experiencing according to their roommate during a conversation with a person they feel uncomfortable talking to.
How much time it takes for a person to end a conversation with a person they feel uncomfortable talking to

How much discomfort a person is experiencing according to their roommate during a conversation with a person they feel uncomfortable talking to.

Idril devises a study where participants are randomly assigned to drive either a very large Ford F150 truck or a small Honda sedan for a week. He then records the number of hours participants spend driving their car during that week. According to the "Research Designs" reading, which variable represents the dependent variable in Idril's experiment?

The type of car participants were assigned to drive
The number of times participants used their turn signal
The route the participants took while driving
Number of hours participants spend driving
The speed at which the participants drive

Number of hours participants spend driving

Mallory is using self-report to study how stressed the students in her after-school study group are. According to the readings and "Research Methods 1: Correlations" lecture, what is MOST likely to occur if, as she administered the survey, she observed what the participants were reporting as they answered the questions?

She will be able to more easily monitor for errors while collecting data
More people will want to participate and she will collect more data
Observing the participants will not impact her data
Some students may inaccurately report how stressed they are because they are being observed
Observing her participants will decrease her cost of administration since she'll have to spend that extra time watching students take the survey

Some students may inaccurately report how stressed they are because they are being observed

According to the "Sensation and Perception" lecture, which of the following is the BEST example of an oculomotor cue?

A street artist realizes he can't see the colors of his chalk drawing using his peripheral vision.
Jerome is asked to cover his right eye as he takes a vision test at the eye doctor's office.
The lens of Bella's eye thickens as she closely inspects a raspberry for mold.
A baseball player struggles to play softball because he not used to the softball's size.
Objects that are largest will be perceived as closest to the observer.

The lens of Bella's eye thickens as she closely inspects a raspberry for mold.

Dr. Kim is investigating generosity by inviting participants to her lab and observing their interactions with one another across three games of monopoly. She concluded that participants who shared their monopoly money in the game were more generous than participants who did not. According to the "Conducting Psychology Research in the Real World" reading, which of the following is true if Dr. Kim's study has HIGH external validity?

Participants who shared their monopoly money in the lab are more generous in their everyday lives
Participants who shared their monopoly money on the first game in the lab also shared their monopoly money on the third game in the lab
Participants who shared their monopoly money in the lab are more polite than participants who did not share their monopoly money
Participants who shared their monopoly money in the lab hardly ever donate to charities in their everyday lives
Participants who shared their monopoly money during the first game in the lab did not share their monopoly money on the third game in the lab

Participants who shared their monopoly money in the lab are more generous in their everyday lives

According to the "Evolutionary Theories in Psychology" reading, which of the following is the BEST example of error management theory?

Harvey goes bungee jumping one more time with a partially broken harness
Dana prefers walking on the street instead of the sidewalk even if the sidewalk is safer
Angel asks a friend to walk her home instead of walking alone in the dark
Cory is reviewing his essay and finds a grammar error, which he later fixes
Katrina selects partners at random because she has lower standards for short-term relationships

Angel asks a friend to walk her home instead of walking alone in the dark

According to the "Evolutionary Theories in Psychology" reading, which of the following is the BEST example of INTRAsexual competition?

Females prefer males with bright feathers.
Males must fight each other for the chance to mate with a female.
Males compete amongst themselves for territorial claims.
Males with long tail feathers have longer life spans than males with short tail feathers.
Females with long tail feathers have longer life spans than males with long tail feathers.

Males must fight each other for the chance to mate with a female.

According to the "Nature, Nurture, and Evolution" lecture, which of the following is the BEST genetic explanation for why a person might be extremely tall?

Genes don't determine physical traits; their height is likely a result of solely environmental factors, such as drinking a lot of milk as a child
They developed a gene by chance that codes for increased height as an adult
They developed a gene in early childhood that codes for increased height as a result of heavy exercise
They have a rare "tall" gene because both of their parents are extremely tall
Their height is influenced by a large range of genes rather than just one "tall" gene

Their height is influenced by a large range of genes rather than just one "tall" gene

Rupa and Dipak are identical twins, who were separated at birth. If Rupa is highly optimistic, and if optimism has a heritability coefficient of .86, who amongst the following are MOST likely to share the trait with her?

Rupa's best friend, whom she spends most of her time with
Rupa's adoptive parents, who always taught her to be cheerful
Rupa's adoptive sister, as they were raised in the same environment
Dipak, because they share a similar genetic composition
Rupa's favorite celebrity, whose movies she watches regularly

Dipak, because they share a similar genetic composition

Kiara and Josefina are IDENTICAL twins. According to the "Who's in the Expert's Chair?" segment of the "Nature, Nurture, and Evolution" lecture, which of the following is the BEST prediction of their similarities over time?

They will have different personalities throughout their entire lives due to differing environmental factors
Their personalities will become more similar over time
They will have similar personalities throughout their entire lives due to their identical genetic makeup
Their personalities will differ more over time
They will have similar music tastes, but differing food preferences

Their personalities will become more similar over time

According to the "Sensation and Perception" lecture, which of the following is the BEST example of an oculomotor cue?

Jerome is asked to cover his right eye as he takes a vision test at the eye doctor's office.
A baseball player struggles to play softball because he not used to the softball's size.
Objects that are largest will be perceived as closest to the observer.
A street artist realizes he can't see the colors of his chalk drawing using his peripheral vision.
The lens of Bella's eye thickens as she closely inspects a raspberry for mold.

The lens of Bella's eye thickens as she closely inspects a raspberry for mold.

According to the "Nature, Nurture, and Evolution" lecture and "Force of Nature" reading, which of the following conclusions is MOST likely?

Our social class is determined purely by our genes
Genetics are not relevant to intelligence or IQ
We are shaped by both our genes and how we interact with our environment
Genes influence physical traits but not how we react to our surroundings
Genes cannot be used to achieve social justice

We are shaped by both our genes and how we interact with our environment

A new bear species is discovered. This new species reproduces the same way humans do. In this new species, pregnancy lasts 5 days and adulthood is achieved in 2 weeks. According to the "Nature, Nurture, and Evolution" lecture, with less time needed to care for offspring, we can MOST likely expect that, compared to humans:

Female bears are less likely to experience emotional jealousy because their investment in raising offspring is smaller
Male bears are less likely to experience sexual jealousy
Male bears are more likely to experience sexual jealousy
There will be no difference in jealousy patterns
Female bears are more likely to experience sexual jealousy

Female bears are less likely to experience emotional jealousy because their investment in raising offspring is smaller

According to the "Statistical Thinking" reading, which group would produce results that is the most generalizable to the population?

A group composed of 25 women and 5 men in a research study on sexism in the United States.
A group of 25 German-Americans in a research study on the US population's favorite style of food.
A group of 100 Americans selected at random by a computer for a poll on US socioeconomic conditions.
A group with 4 people ages 15-20 and 27 people ages 35-40 in a research study on cardiovascular health.
Research never yields results that can be generalized to the population.

A group of 100 Americans selected at random by a computer for a poll on US socioeconomic conditions.

Gabriel is a highschool student living in a turbulent household. He maintains a pessimistic attitude, frequently breaks the law, suffers from nictotine addiction, and is prone to angry outbursts directed towards his classmates and teachers. According to the "Time and Culture" reading, from what temporal frame does Gabriel LIKELY operate?

Future Transcendental
Present Vexation
Present Fatalistic
Present Hedonistic
Past Positive

Present Fatalistic

A recent study found a positive correlation between number of books owned and overall number of friends, but there is reason to be skeptical about the findings. According to the "Failure is Moving Science Forward" reading, which of the following replication studies may INCREASE your confidence in the validity of the original results?

No type of replication study could increase or decrease your confidence in the validity of the original results
A pre-registered study with a larger sample size that finds DIFFERENT results
A replication study with different methods finds DIFFERENT results
A pre-registered study with a larger sample size finds SIMILAR results
A replication study with the same methods that tested participants from a different country finds DIFFERENT results

A pre-registered study with a larger sample size finds SIMILAR results

According to the "Research Methods II" lecture, which of the following is a method researchers can use to conduct an experiment in a situation in which random assignment is not possible?

Pre-registering their analyses so that variations by mere chance are accounted for
As long as random selection is present, random assignment is not needed
Establishing a control condition with which to compare results
Increasing the sample size so that any natural variablity is canceled out
Conducting a natural experiment taking advantage of naturally occurring differences in groups

Conducting a natural experiment taking advantage of naturally occurring differences in groups

According to the "Statistical Thinking" reading, which is TRUE about random assignment?

Random assignment makes it impossible to draw cause-and-effect conclusions from results.
Random assignment balances out other variables that could cause group differences.
Random assignment involves carefully assigning individuals into specific groups to get desired results.
Random assignment produces groups that are very different from each other.
It does NOT help us assess variation in results.

Random assignment balances out other variables that could cause group differences.

Willow is performing an experiment to determine which genre of music produces the highest level of norepinephrine, the chemical responsible for feelings of anxiety. According to the "Research Methods II" Lecture, what is the DEPENDENT variable in this study?

The amount of norepinephrine produced
There is no dependent variable in this study.
The participant's heart rate.
How much the participant enjoyed the song
The genre of music listened to

The amount of norepinephrine produced

Johnny is running an experiment and sets the level of significance (p-value) at 0.05. According to the "Statistical Thinking" reading, if Johnny produces a p-value of 0.03 he would:

Assume he made an error in his experimental process and start over.
Reject the conclusion that there is a relationship between the variables of interest.
Do nothing, the p-value tells nothing of statistical significance.
Say that there appears to be a statistically significant relationship between his variables of interest.
Assume that the small value means that there is no statistical significance.

Say that there appears to be a statistically significant relationship between his variables of interest.

Sofia wants to see if receiving 3 hours of equine (horse) therapy a week causes reduced severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms, and designs an experiment to do so. She randomly assigns half her participants to receive equine therapy, and the other half to receive no therapy. Her experiment meets all criteria for a quality experimental design. According to the "Research Methods II" Lecture, would Sofia be able to make causal claims based on the results of her experiment? Why or why not?

No, causality cannot be established using scientific experiments
No, Sofia's experiment is not a correlational study and therefore cannot establish causality
Yes, Sofia's experiment meets the requirements to establish causality
Yes, Sofia's experiment is a correlational study and therefore can establish causality
Yes, Sofia asked her professors and they said it was good enough

Yes, Sofia's experiment meets the requirements to establish causality

A neuron's membrane potential is always fluctuating. What depolarizing current makes the membrane potential more POSITIVE?

excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)
static neuraltriads (SNTs)
active neural synosparks (ANSs)
primeval polytechnic connections (PPCs)
inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)

excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)

A neuron reaches the threshold of excitation. According to the "Neurons" reading and lecture, which of the following will MOST LIKELY immediately occur next?

The neuron will be inhibited by the synapse
There will be a release of neurotransmitters
ESPSs and ISPSs will combine to determine whether an action potential is triggered
The neuron returns to resting membrane potential
An action potential is triggered and moves down the axon of a neuron

An action potential is triggered and moves down the axon of a neuron

Anna is taking a lie detector test, and it shows she lied. According to the "What's Cooking in the Lab?" segment of the "Neurons" lecture, which of the following BEST explains why Anna may actually be telling the truth?

She experienced low sympathetic nervous system activity resulting from low stress
She experienced low sympathetic nervous system activity resulting from high stress
She stayed calm and wasn't anxious during the test
She experienced high levels of sympathetic nervous system activity from the high stress of having to take a lie detector test
She must have been telling the truth because lie detectors have a 6% accuracy rate

She experienced high levels of sympathetic nervous system activity from the high stress of having to take a lie detector test

Ashley is highly impulsive, and not very sensitive to punishment. Jerome is methodical, and is not often prone to risky behavior. Nevertheless, they both sample a recreational stimulant drug at a party. According to the "Who's in the Expert's Chair" segment of the Neurons and Neurotransmitters lecture, what is the MOST LIKELY outcome?

Ashley takes more of the drug than Jerome, and is more likely to develop an addiction.
Jerome and Ashley are equally likely to become addicted to the drug.
Ashley finds herself unsatisfied after sampling the drug.
Neither Jerome nor Ashley have any interest in trying drugs after this experience.
Jerome increases his drug consumption, convinced that he is immune to addiction.

Ashley takes more of the drug than Jerome, and is more likely to develop an addiction.

Gabriel is a highschool student living in a turbulent household. He maintains a pessimistic attitude, frequently breaks the law, suffers from nictotine addiction, and is prone to angry outbursts directed towards his classmates and teachers. According to the "Time and Culture" reading, from what temporal frame does Gabriel LIKELY operate?

Future Transcendental
Present Hedonistic
Present Vexation
Present Fatalistic
Past Positive

Present Fatalistic

Mariah drinks a few alcoholic beverages, which inhibits glutamate and stimulates the production of GABA by her neurons. According to the "Neurons" lecture, which of the following is MOST LIKELY going to occur next?

No activity in her parasympathetic nervous system; all activity will occur in the sympathetic nervous system
No activity in her sympathetic nervous system; all activity will occur in the parasympathetic nervous system
High activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as her body relaxes
Low activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as her body relaxes
High activity of the sympathetic nervous system as her body relaxes

High activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as her body relaxes

Anna is experiencing high anxiety. She's very shaky, has a rapid heart beat, and feels like her mind is going a mile a minute. According to the "Neurons & Neurotransmitters" lecture and "Neurons" reading, which of the following neurotransmitters would LEAST LIKELY help calm her symptoms?

Dopamine
Histamine
GABA
Glutamate
Serotonin

Glutamate

A businessman buys a young parrot and underestimates the amount of social interaction it needs. The parrot is left alone in its cage every day. According to "The Biochemistry of Love" reading, what epigenetic consequences are likely to result from the parrot's isolation?

The parrot's vasopressin levels will decrease, which may lead to increased stress tolerance as an adult.
The parrot's oxytocin production will increase, which may lead to more social behavior as an adult.
The parrot's dopamine production will increase, which may lead to boredom and screeching as an adult.
The parrot's vasopressin receptors will become upregulated, which may lead to feather plucking and chronic anxiety as an adult.
The parrot's serotonin levels will decrease, which may lead to fearlessness as an adult.

The parrot's vasopressin receptors will become upregulated, which may lead to feather plucking and chronic anxiety as an adult.

Gabriela takes a bite of cake and notices it's sweet. According to the "Brain and Nervous System" reading, which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing the cake's sweet taste?

primary motor cortex
frontal
temporal
occipital
parietal

parietal

Steven is experiencing very low levels of testosterone today. Based on the "Hormones and Behavior" reading, what is MOST LIKELY to result from this dip in testosterone levels?

His voice will take on a high pitched quality until her testosterone level rises
He will go online and post inflammatory comments on others' social media posts
No change will occur, as testosterone does not affect men
He won't have much interest in having sex with his partner
He will engage in a physical fight with her roommate

He won't have much interest in having sex with his partner

Jun drops a weight on his head, damaging his parietal lobe. According to the "Brain and Hormones" lecture, which of the following conditions is MOST likely to result from his injury?

anterograde amnesia
blindsight
unilateral neglect
prosopagnosia
retrograde amnesia

unilateral neglect

Drew is an 87-year-old man whose memory is in extraordinarily good condition compared to others his age. According to the "Psychology in the News" segment of "The Brain and Hormones" lecture, which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this?

His brain has shrunk at a slower rate than average
He has a genetic mutation that results in stronger cognitive abilities
Regular consumption of healthy "brain foods" like kale have strengthened activity in his occipital lobe
Age does not affect the risk of cognitive breakdown
He has a larger brain stem that bolsters his higher-level thinking

His brain has shrunk at a slower rate than average

According to the Sensation and Perception reading, which of the following scenarios BEST describes perception?

Hearing a bird chirp in the morning.
Getting really happy after tasting noodles because they remind you of your grandma's cooking.
Perception and sensation are the same thing.
Eating a banana because you were hungry.
Feeling a breeze against your skin.

Getting really happy after tasting noodles because they remind you of your grandma's cooking.

According to the "Brain and Hormones" lecture, an individual with damage to their brainstem would be unable to complete which of the following tasks?

Processing visual information
Feeling emotions
Inhibiting their automatic responses
Contemplating poetry
Maintaining their heartbeat and breathing

Maintaining their heartbeat and breathing

Dr. Rodriguez is conducting an experiment in which she is interested in seeing what specific parts of participants' brains activate while watching a sad movie. According to the "Brain and Nervous System" reading, what type of brain observation technique should she use?

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Find a patient with damage to their frontal cortex and study them
Find a patient with damage to their limbic system and study them
Animal experiments
Electroencephalography (EEG)

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Idris is shot in the head while on a hunting trip. He survives, but needs to have surgery to remove damaged parts of his frontal lobe. According to the lecture "Brain and Hormones," what behavioral change will his friends and family MOST likely notice?

He will no longer be able to breathe unassisted
He will be unable to speak
He will have difficulty forming new memories
He will experience a change in personality, becoming more impulsive and less able to plan ahead
He have issues balancing while walking

He will experience a change in personality, becoming more impulsive and less able to plan ahead

Teresa has taken a bus for years that makes a distinct high-pitched sound when approaching a stop. One day, Teresa takes a different bus that, in addition to the high-pitched sound, uses a bright flashing screen to indicate the stop. Lenora, however, does not even notice the flashing screen and only responds to the sound. This is an example of:

the fundamental attribution error.
priming.
a partial reinforcement effect.
instrumental conditioning.
a blocking effect.

a blocking effect.

Betty is training her dog to sit using punishment. According to the "Learning" lecture and reading, which of the following is the BEST example of this?

Giving her dog its favorite treat when it sits on command
Witholding treats from her dog before they begin the training session
Using a shock collar to distribute a mild shock to her dog, then immediately turning it off when it sits on command
Giving the dog a mild shock when it does anything except sit when told to sit
Giving her dog its regular food instead of a treat when it doesn't sit on command

Giving the dog a mild shock when it does anything except sit when told to sit

Gabby is in an escape room. She is rewarded with cash when she solves a clue, and she has to pay cash when she misses a clue. According to the "Conditioning and Learning" reading, what is the game MOST likely exhibiting?

her involuntary behavior
her classical conditioning
her renewal effect
her voluntary behavior
her Pavlovian conditioning

her voluntary behavior

Janice LOVES chocolate. She loves the taste, the texture, and how it melts in her mouth. Because she loves chocolate, she eats it frequently. According to the "Learning" reading, why is this MOST likely the case?

Blocking.
Janice has a lot of chocolate available to her.
Classical Conditioning.
The Law of Effect.
Priming.

The Law of Effect.

Lenora notices that her mouth starts watering when passing by her favorite restaurant, where she usually gets spicy noodles. According to the "Conditioning and Learning" reading and lecture, why is this MOST likely the case?

She has been conditioned by instrumental conditioning to associate the restaurant with the spicy noodles.
She is just hungry and has not been conditioned.
She has been eating the spicy noodles lately and finds them delicious, which DECREASES her desire to eat them.
She has been classically conditionined to associate the restaurant with the spicy noodles.
She has a coupon for the restaurant so negative reinforcement has just occurred.

She has been classically conditionined to associate the restaurant with the spicy noodles.

Drew is an 87-year-old man whose memory is in extraordinarily good condition compared to others his age. According to the "Psychology in the News" segment of "The Brain and Hormones" lecture, which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this?

He has a genetic mutation that results in stronger cognitive abilities
His brain has shrunk at a slower rate than average
Age does not affect the risk of cognitive breakdown
Regular consumption of healthy "brain foods" like kale have strengthened activity in his occipital lobe
He has a larger brain stem that bolsters his higher-level thinking

His brain has shrunk at a slower rate than average

Alan is terrified of lizards. According to the "Learning" lecture and reading, which of the following BEST represents how he could extinguish that fear?

Coming into contact with them only by chance or out of necessitity
Repeatedly interacting with different reptiles, except lizards
Getting a job at the zoo where he has to immediately work with lizards all day
Completely avoiding lizards for the rest of his life
Being repeatedly, deliberately exposed to lizards on a regular basis while in a safe, neutral environment

Being repeatedly, deliberately exposed to lizards on a regular basis while in a safe, neutral environment

David spontaneously made a Twitter account, After his first tweet, he continued to tweet very regularly. According to the "Psychology in the News" segment of the "Learning" lecture, which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this?

All of his friends supported his tweet by liking and retweeting
He received no attention on his first tweet and is trying again
He received a hate comment, which he is ignoring
He is trying to become an influencer and can only achieve that by posting regularly
His first tweet went viral

All of his friends supported his tweet by liking and retweeting
His first tweet went viral

At a football game, Katherine ignores the screaming crowd to focus on a conversation with her friend. According to the "Attention" reading, this scenario BEST represents:

Subliminal Perception
Selective Attention
Inattentional Blindness
Attenuated Processing
Shadowing

Selective Attention

According to the Who's in the Expert's Chair section of the "Attention" lecture, which of the following is TRUE?

We cannot choose what we pay attention to.
Attention is not selective.
Doing two things at once will improve performance on both.
Music should not be used to focus under any circumstance.
Talking through a Bluetooth speaker to someone in the car may still cause inattentional blindness.

talking through a Bluetooth speaker to someone in the car may still cause inattentional blindness.

Jennifer is doing a dichotic listening activity where she is required to shadow what is being said in one of her ears. A male speaker is listing a list of travel related words in her other ear. According to the "Attention" lecture and reading, what is she MOST likely to hear in the unattended ear?

Whether the language the words are being read in changes
All of the words that are being said
The meaning of each word
How many times a certain word is repeated
The common travel theme of the words being listed

The common travel theme of the words being listed

A trio of flying squirrels glides above a group of friends inner-tubing down a lazy river. Demetrius is trying (and failing) to eat a meatball-sub without dropping it into the water. Ruby is absorbed in listening to a brand-new audiobook. Michelle is just enjoying the river-float. According to the "Failures of Awareness" reading, who is MOST LIKELY to notice the squirrels?

All the people will notice the flying squirrels because they are a novel stimulus and they are in motion.
Michelle
Ruby
Demetrius
Demetrius and Ruby, because they're accustomed to multi-tasking.

Michelle

Nelly is a 3 year old toddler. According to the "Attention" lecture, what is MOST likely to capture her attention?

A toy with only one button on it and one color
A very plain teddy bear lying on the ground
A slow-moving, old battery powered doll
A toy she has had for the past year lying around
A loud and flashing toy with many buttons on it

A loud and flashing toy with many buttons on it

Paul is a nurse at a hospital. He can remember the requests of many different patients at once, all while completing rounds and taking vitals. According to the "Think You're Multitasking? Think Again" reading, what part of his brain primarily supports this organized and goal-directed behavior?

occipital lobe
executive system
amygdala
cerebellum
limbic system

executive system

What is TRUE about the Law of Effect?

It states that actions with negative results are MORE likely to be repeated.
It states that actions with positive results are MORE likely to be repeated.
It states that actions with negative results are EQUALLY likely to be repeated as actions with positive results.
It states that actions with positive results are LESS likely to be repeated.
It is a part of Classical Conditioning.

It states that actions with positive results are MORE likely to be repeated.

Kory is binging a TV drama, and is deeply invested in the characters' romantic progression. His favorite couple is about to confess their love for one another. According to the "Attention" reading and lecture, Kory is MOST likley to be aware of which of the following stimuli?

the steady buzz of his old refrigerator
the female lead's signature dress
the gentle piano music featured in the scene's underscore
the characters' passionate dialogue
the two-day old mosquito bite on his ankle

the characters' passionate dialogue

Aiko often sees her classmates on social media drinking alcohol and notices that her own drinking has increased this semester. According to the "Eating and Drinking" lecture, which of the following would MOST likely reduce the amount she drinks?

Viewing an advertisement of a medication that alleviates hangovers
Watching media that shows the negative effects of teenage drinking
Exposing herself to expensive alcohol that she can't afford
Befriending heavy drinkers so she has to be the responsible and sober friend
Reading a flyer stating that more than half of college students don't drink alcohol

Reading a flyer stating that more than half of college students don't drink alcohol

According to the "Eating and Drinking" lecture, which of the following BEST describes a binge that is characteristic of someone with bulimia?

Sierra, who had a midnight meal because she slept all day
Ava, who ate a large dinner because she was too busy to eat lunch
Julianna, who felt out of control when she ate more than her normal amount of food
Carla, who feels very full after eating too much at a wedding reception
Diana, who can barely move after participating in an eating competition

Julianna, who felt out of control when she ate more than her normal amount of food

According to the "Eating and Drinking" lecture and WITEC segment, which of the following people would have the HIGHEST risk factor for developing an addiction to alcohol?

A woman diagnosed with anxiety disorder who internalizes all her feelings
A young man who drinks with his friends at meals
A woman who was raised in a warm, consistent, and supportive environment
A young boy with no family history of alcohol addiction
There are no individual differences in risk factors for alcohol addiction

A woman diagnosed with anxiety disorder who internalizes all her feelings

Kira is studying the culture of a remote village in which larger body-types are seen as a sign of prosperity. As part of an experiment, she exposes the villagers to Western media for the first time. According to the "Fijian Girls" reading, which of the following is MOST likely to occur?

Adolescent girls from the village will begin to picture a thin body as ideal
Male villagers will be immune to the effects of an external influence
Mental health will improve with increased access to information
Villagers will be more satisfied with their way of life compared to that of Western culture
Girls will reject media that does not align with their culture

Adolescent girls from the village will begin to picture a thin body as ideal

Lei loves her local bakery's donuts. She was once heard describing them as "they're like a drug, I'm so addicted to them!" According to the "Eating and Drinking" lecture, what is the BEST explanation for this comparison?

She was being sarcastic because the two are in no way comparable
She is addicted to the donuts like drugs, because both drugs and donuts activate norepinephrine
Addictive drugs and sugar both activate the brain's reward system
Sugar and addictive drugs both result in the exact same amount of dopamine release
Drugs are mixed in with the donuts, causing her to become addicted to them

Addictive drugs and sugar both activate the brain's reward system

Josefina hasn't eaten all day and finds herself in an intense drive state of hunger. According to the "Drive States" reading, which of the following behaviors is she MOST likely to engage in?

Be extremely impatient with her friend
Donate to her favorite charity
Go out with her friends and not eat
Sit down and make plans for her future multiple years in advance
Not eat because she needs to save her money

Be extremely impatient with her friend

Friya wants to surprise her fiance with a meal to celebrate their one-year anniversary. According to the "Psychology in the News" segment from the "Eating and Drinking" lecture, which of the following is the BEST way to ensure her fiance finds the meal tasty?

Ask him to arrange both of their meals on their plates to ensure he see the food and smells the delicious aromas before he eats
Cook the meal on her own so he can have a true first bite of food
Have him cook the meal since he enjoys cooking
Describe the meal so he can imagine the food before eating it
Cook the meal together to get quality time

Cook the meal on her own so he can have a true first bite of food

According to the "Sensation and Perception" lecture, which of the following is the BEST example of an oculomotor cue?

Jerome is asked to cover his right eye as he takes a vision test at the eye doctor's office.
A baseball player struggles to play softball because he not used to the softball's size.
A street artist realizes he can't see the colors of his chalk drawing using his peripheral vision.
Objects that are largest will be perceived as closest to the observer.
The lens of Bella's eye thickens as she closely inspects a raspberry for mold.

The lens of Bella's eye thickens as she closely inspects a raspberry for mold.

According to the lecture and the reading 'ABCs of ZZZZs', which person would be the MOST likely to lose sleep at night?

A person who has daytime shifts at their job.
A person who avoids caffeine late in the day.
A person who takes a warm bath before bed.
A person who takes naps during the day.
A person who only uses their bed for sleeping.

A person who takes naps during the day.

According to the "Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness" lecture, which statement would Freud MOST likely agree on, in regards to dream theory?

Dreams are an expression of our inner-most desires and urges.
Dreams have no meaning.
Dreams reinforce memories from throughout your day.
Dreams cannot be interpreted to uncover people's unconscious desires.
Dreams are filled with randomness, and we use stories to make sense of them.

Dreams are an expression of our inner-most desires and urges.

Ben observes the sleep patterns of his 2-month-old sister. According to the "Who's In The Expert's Chair" segment of the "Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness" lecture, what pattern is he MOST likely to notice?

his sister's sleep patterns match his own
his sister's sleep patterns match his own
his sister sleeps restlessly
his sister sleeps for most of the day in 3-hour segments
his sister sleeps for 12 hours, then stays awake for 12 hours

his sister sleeps for most of the day in 3-hour segments

According to the "States of Consciousness" reading, which of the following students is MOST likely to be hypnotized?

Isaiah, who is having a bad day
Kiara, who is very spiritual
Josefina, who is thinking about an upcoming concert
Steven, who is stressed about his academic workload
Jun, who is highly suggestible

Jun, who is highly suggestible

Hallie remembers having a strange and vivid dream last night. According to the "Stages of Consciousness" reading, what stage of sleep was Hallie MOST likely in when she was dreaming?

Stage 0
REM
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3

REM

According to the Psychology in the News segment of the "Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness" lecture, which of the following people is MOST likely to experience a lucid dream?

Casey, who fell asleep reading the last chapter of his favorite fantasy novel
Maria, who tells herself that she will have a lucid dream before sleeping
Isaiah, who naps intermittently throughout the day
Ava, who sleeps on her stomach
Kofi, whose brain is stimulated with delta waves while he sleeps

Maria, who tells herself that she will have a lucid dream before sleeping

According to the "How to Sleep" TED Talk by Jessa Gamble, which of the following would be the BEST way for someone to experience true wakefulness?

Sleeping in 4-hour long shifts with 2 hours awake between each shift
Alternating between sleeping in total darkness and in a brightly-lit room
Staying awake for a 24-hour period to reset their body clock
Spending most of their time indoors, out of the sun
Sleeping consistently at midnight every night

Sleeping in 4-hour long shifts with 2 hours awake between each shift

At 7 years old, Velma scored high on an intelligence test. Scores on intelligence tests can predict future behavior. According to the "Who's in the Expert's Chair" segment of the "Intelligence" lecture, an adult Velma is statistically MORE likely to:

recover quickly from illness
wear glasses
live in an unsafe neighborhood
be involved in a lesbian relationship
maintain poor eating habits

recover quickly from illness

Charlie's crystallized intelligence is above average compared to others his age. According to the "Intelligence" lecture, which of the following BEST his likely level of fluid intelligence?

His fluid intelligence is also above average
His fluid intelligence is below average
His fluid intelligence is neither above nor below average
His fluid intelligence is uncorrelated to his crystallized intelligence
His fluid intelligence is below average now, but will rapidly increase over time

His fluid intelligence is also above average

Misha is debating ethics with her mom and grandmother. She crafts a hypothetical scenario to support her argument. Misha finds that, of the two, only her mom is willing to take the hypothetical seriously. Misha's mom's willingness to engage in abstract discussion suggests that she has a higher IQ than Misha's grandmother. According to the "Intelligence" lecture, readings, and associated TED talk, this phenomenon could be BEST attributed to:

stereotype threat
multiple intelligences theory
Flynn effect
WAIS effect
normal distribution

Flynn effect

According to the "New Insights into Life and Learning" lecture, which of the following students appear to be WELL CALIBRATED?

Sasha, who thought she did very poorly on her economics exam, but got an A
Kesha, who spends more time studying her favorite and best subject
Amanda, who thought she did amazing on her physics test, but got an F
Rithvik, who was confident he did well on the chemistry test he studied for, and got an A
Wesley, who spends more time looking over Russian vocabulary words that he already knows

Rithvik, who was confident he did well on the chemistry test he studied for, and got an A

According to the "Brain Training" reading, which of the following would MOST LIKELY increase Griffin's cognitive functioning?

Strictly following a vegetarian diet
Following an erratic sleep schedule that varies how many hours of sleep he gets per night
Learning a new skill like crochet
Griffin's cognitive ability is fixed, so nothing she does will make a major difference
Regularly playing commercial brain games

Learning a new skill like crochet

Hammy has a high IQ. Nubbins has a below average IQ. Based on the 'Psychology in the News' segment of the "Intelligence" lecture, Hammy is statistically LESS likely to:

maintain a pessimistic attitude
live in one place his whole life
migrate
be intellectually curious
go to college

live in one place his whole life

Barbara is currently 24. According to the "Intelligence" lecture, which of the following BEST represents how her crystallized intelligence will compare when she is 60?

Her crystallized intelligence cannot be predicted
Her crystallized intelligence will naturally fade with time
Her crystallized intelligence will remain the same
Her crystallized intelligence will be higher
Her crystallized intelligence will be lower

Her crystallized intelligence will be higher

Kim's job as a private investigator requires her to think on her feet as she is constantly presented with NEW puzzles and mysteries she has NEVER been exposed to. According to the "Intelligence" lecture and reading, which type of intelligence is MOST LIKELY involved in this?

Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
Crystallized Intelligence
Fluid Intelligence
Long-term Retrieval
Emotional Intelligence

Fluid Intelligence

Kiara, who is from the US, meets Gabriella, who is from a non-WEIRD country, during her study abroad program. According to the "Early Development" lecture, how was Gabriella's childhood likely different from Kiara's?

Gabriella's mother was more likely to have an avoidant attachment style
Gabriella was likely allowed to take more risks when playing as a child
Their childhoods were likely very similar regardless of where they grew up
Kiara likely had more friends growing up
Kiara was likely allowed to take more risks when playing as a child

Gabriella was likely allowed to take more risks when playing as a child

According to the "Attachment Through the Life Course" reading, an infant demonstrating an anxious-resistant attachment style would MOST likely demonstrate which of the following behaviors after their attachment figure returns from a night out after leaving them with a babysitter?

Call out for their attachment figure and then refuse to be soothed by them
Be comforted by their attachment figure and then socialize with others
Be comforted by their attachment figure and then play with toys
Avoid their attachment figure and play with toys instead
Call out for their attachment figure and then be soothed by them

Call out for their attachment figure and then refuse to be soothed by them

A baby is lying in their crib and notices an unfamiliar toy, a spotted pattern on the cover of a book, and a very light shadow of tree leaves on the wall. According to the "What's Cooking in the Lab" portion of the "Early Development" lecture, what is the baby likely to pay attention to the LONGEST?

It is impossible to measure babies' looking times
The spotted pattern because infants are born with expectations of what the world looks like
The shadow of the leaves because babies like high contrast images
The baby is not in the concrete operational phase and so cannot pay attention to anything
The unfamiliar toy because it is novel

The unfamiliar toy because it is novel

Gabriela was separated from her parents at an early age and now lives with foster parents. According to the "I Study Kids Who Were Separated From Their Parents..." reading, what is the MOST likely effect of this experience?

increased resentment toward her foster parents
stronger connections with romantic partners later in life
stronger bonds with her friends, who will become her primary attachment figures
improved work ethic in adolescence
increased likelihood of anxiety and depression

increased likelihood of anxiety and depression

When touring UT, you and your family see campus from the top of the UT tower. According to the "Psychology in the News" segment of the "Early Development" lecture, which of the following BEST explains why your 4-month old baby brother is not afraid to look down from the top of the UT Tower?

He is too young to crawl, so he is not afraid to fall down
His understanding of the dangers of height will not be fully developed until he enters Piaget's concrete operational reasoning stage
Your tour guide reminds him of the structural integrity of the tower
He inherited his fear tendencies from your dad, who is not afraid of heights
Your mother often holds the baby above her head to amuse him, so he is used to extreme heights

He is too young to crawl, so he is not afraid to fall down

Jun's 7-year-old sister can draw a glass of water but doesn't understand that a tall, skinny glass can hold the same volume of water as a large, round glass. According to the "Cognitive Development in Childhood" reading, which Piaget stage is she MOST likely in?

preoperational reasoning
concrete operational reasoning
sensorimotor
none - Piaget's stage theory has been clearly disproven and is no longer used in psychology
formal operational reasoning

preoperational reasoning