NU 331 Dehydration & Oral Clefts

What percentage of body weight do babies lose during dehydration?

About 10%

Why are babies more at risk for dehydration?

They are mostly extracellular water.

What is the best indicator of how sick a child is in most circumstances?

Level of consciousness (LOC)

What challenges do infants with cleft lip and palate face regarding feeding?

They have suction/feeding difficulties.

What method can be used to help a baby with a cleft lip/palate breastfeed?

Pump breast milk and use a tube attached to the nipple while squeezing a bottle.

What is a common practice to prevent issues with healing in infants with cleft conditions?

Tongue suture, typically removed the next day.

What should be avoided when feeding an infant with a cleft condition?

Feeding from the side with the incision.

Do arm restraints need to be reordered for infants with cleft conditions?

No, they do not need to be reordered.

What is a common feeding device mentioned that is mostly used by older physicians?

Logan bow.

What is Segar's Formula used for?

Fluid calculations in dehydration assessment.

What are typical causes of dehydration?

Fluid loss (urinary, GI, insensible) and limited fluid intake.

What percentage of ECF loss occurs with dehydration onset less than 3 days?

40-50% ECF loss.

What percentage of ICF loss occurs with dehydration onset greater than 7 days?

50% ICF loss.

What are the signs of mild thirst in dehydration?

Normal thirst, usually not enough.

What are the physical assessment components for dehydration?

Activity/LOC, thirst, integument, perfusion, vital signs, eyes, urine, fontanel, weight.

What vital sign changes are observed in moderate dehydration?

Tachycardia and normal or slightly low BP; orthostatic hypotension.

What is the minimum expected blood pressure formula for children?

70 mmHg + (2 x Age in years).

How is percent weight loss calculated in dehydration?

(Normal Wt - Current Wt) x 100% / Normal Wt.

What are the signs of severe dehydration in skin turgor?

Pale/gray skin, mottled appearance, dry skin, and poor turgor.

What is the expected minimum urine output for dehydration assessment?

1 ml/kg/hr.

What are the classifications of dehydration by percentage of weight loss in infants?

Mild: < 5%, Moderate: 6-9%, Severe: > 10%.

What are common causes of gastroenteritis leading to dehydration?

Viruses (e.g., Rotavirus), bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella), and protozoa (e.g., Giardia).

At what gestational age does cleft lip typically develop?

Around 7 weeks.

What are multifactorial causes of cleft lip and palate?

Genetic links, environmental factors (smoking, alcohol), medications, and low folate.

What feeding difficulties are associated with cleft lip?

Weight issues, risk for aspiration, nasal deformity, dental abnormalities, and social acceptance.

What is the typical surgical treatment for cleft lip?

Surgery at 2-3 months, often using Z plasty or cheiloplasty.

What are the signs of cleft palate in infants?

Feeding difficulties, risk for aspiration, possible hearing loss, and social acceptance issues.

What is the typical surgical treatment for cleft palate?

Surgery at 6-12 months, often involving palatoplasty.

What is the role of a speech therapist in cleft cases?

To assist with speech development and address communication issues.

What is the importance of follow-up care for cleft cases?

To monitor speech, hearing, dental health, and potential psychosocial issues.