Year 8 Chemistry
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25 Terms
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
Chemical change
a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
Chemical reaction
a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of different elements joined together by chemical bonds in a fixed ratio
Element
a substance which consists of only one type of atom
Kinetic Theory of Matter
states that all mater is made up of tiny particles, which are in constant random motion
Mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Molecule
a group of non-metal atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio
Physical change
a change where some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change
Temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter
Valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost energy level/electron shell of an atom
Electron configuration
2,8,8,2
Molecule of an element
a group of identical non-metal atoms bonded together
Molecule of a compound
a group of different non-metal atoms bonded together
Chemical bonds
the attractive forces that hold atoms together
Subatomic particles
electrons, protons, neutrons
Proton (Symbol, charge, mass, location)
p+, +1, 1, nucleus,
Neutron (Symbol, charge, mass, location)
n, 0, 1, nucleus
The 1st stage of changing state
Temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increase
The 2nd stage of changing state
When particles move fast enough, additional energy added weakens attractive forces of molecules
The 3rd stage of changing state
When attractive forces weaken enough, the substance changes state
Signs of chemical change
Colour change
Effervescence (bubbles)
Apparent disappearance
Precipitation (Formation of solid particles)
Burning
Formation of solid deposit
Temperature change
Production of an odour
What does each period of the periodic table have in common?
They have the same amount of energy levels/ electron shells
What does each group in the periodic table have in common?
They have the same number of valence electrons.
