chapter 3 (level 0.5)

3.1.1: What crop saved the Virginia colony's economy starting around 1612?

Tobacco.

3.1.2: Who perfected the methods of raising and curing tobacco in Virginia?

John Rolfe.

3.1.3: In what year were the first recorded 20 captive Africans brought to Jamestown?

1619.

3.1.4: What representative assembly was created in Virginia in 1619?

The House of Burgesses.

3.1.5: Which English monarch revoked the charter of the Virginia Company in 1624?

King James I.

3.1.6: What colony was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore?

Maryland.

3.1.7: What religious refuge motivation inspired Lord Baltimore to found Maryland?

A haven for persecuted Roman Catholics.

3.1.8: What system awarded 50 acres of land to whoever paid the passage of an indentured servant?

The headright system.

3.1.9: What 1649 act guaranteed religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland?

The Act of Toleration.

3.1.10: What punishment did Maryland's Act of Toleration mandate for those who denied the divinity of Jesus?

The death penalty.

3.2.1: What foundation crop formed the economic backbone of the English West Indies?

Sugar.

3.2.2: What legal code established in 1661 denied fundamental rights to enslaved Africans in the Caribbean?

The Barbados Slave Code.

3.2.3: Which English monarch was beheaded in 1649 during the English Civil War?

King Charles I.

3.2.4: Who ruled England as Lord Protector during the Commonwealth era (1649–1660)?

Oliver Cromwell.

3.2.5: What era began in 1660 when King Charles II was restored to the English throne?

The Restoration period.

3.2.6: What primary export crop was successfully developed in colonial Carolina?

Rice.

3.2.7: What colony was officially separated from North Carolina in 1712?

South Carolina.

3.2.8: What was the last of the original Thirteen Colonies to be founded in 1733?

Georgia.

3.2.9: Who was the prominent philanthropist founder of Georgia?

James Oglethorpe.

3.2.10: What primary military purpose was Georgia intended to serve for the British Empire?

A buffer colony against Spanish Florida and French Louisiana.

3.3.1: What German friar sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517?

Martin Luther.

3.3.2: Which Protestant reformer outlined the doctrine of predestination in 1536?

John Calvin.

3.3.3: What theological doctrine holds that God has already determined who goes to heaven or hell?

Predestination.

3.3.4: What term described Calvinists who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals?

Puritans.

3.3.5: What extreme subset of Puritans vowed to break away entirely from the Church of England?

Separatists.

3.4.1: On what ship did the Pilgrims voyage to New England in 1620?

The Mayflower.

3.4.2: What agreement signed aboard the Mayflower established a crude self-governing rule?

The Mayflower Compact.

3.4.3: How many of the 102 Pilgrim settlers survived the first harsh winter of 1620–1621 at Plymouth?

44 settlers.

3.4.4: Who was elected governor of Plymouth Colony thirty times?

William Bradford.

3.4.5: What colony did Plymouth eventually merge with in 1691?

Massachusetts Bay Colony.

3.5.1: In what year was the Massachusetts Bay Colony chartered?

1629.

3.5.2: What decade witnessed the migration of 70,000 refugees from England to the Americas?

The Great English Migration (1630s).

3.5.3: Who served as the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony for 19 years?

John Winthrop.

3.5.4: What famous phrase did John Winthrop use to describe Massachusetts' Puritan ideal?

"A City upon a Hill."

3.5.5: What term was given to adult male church members eligible to vote in Massachusetts Bay?

Freemen.

3.5.6: What dominant Puritan minister was known as the "Preacher's Preacher" in Boston?

John Cotton.

3.6.1: What religious dissenter was banished from Massachusetts for preaching complete separation of church and state?

Roger Williams.

3.6.2: What colony was founded by Roger Williams in 1636?

Rhode Island.

3.6.3: What religious dissenter was tried in 1638 for promoting the concept of antinomianism?

Anne Hutchinson.

3.6.4: What theological belief held that holy life was no sure sign of salvation and the truly saved need not obey human or divine laws?

Antinomianism.

3.6.5: Where was Anne Hutchinson killed by Native Americans after being banished?

New York.

3.7.1: Who led a group of Boston Puritans to establish Hartford, Connecticut in 1635?

Reverend Thomas Hooker.

3.7.2: What 1639 document in Connecticut is considered by many to be the first written modern constitution?

The Fundamental Orders.

3.7.3: What colony was absorbed by Massachusetts Bay in 1677 before becoming an independent royal colony in 1679?

New Hampshire.

3.8.1: What Native tribe was virtually annihilated by English colonists and Narragansett allies in 1637?

The Pequot tribe.

3.8.2: What was the Wampanoag chieftain Metacom known as to the English settlers?

King Philip.

3.8.3: What 1675–1676 conflict permanently slowed the westward expansion of New England settlements?

King Philip's War (Metacom's War).

3.9.1: What 1643 alliance was formed by four New England colonies for mutual defense against enemies?

The New England Confederation.

3.9.2: What administrative union was created by London in 1686 to enforce the Navigation Laws across New England?

The Dominion of New England.

3.9.3: Who was appointed head of the Dominion of New England, generating deep colonial hostility?

Sir Edmund Andros.

3.9.4: What 1688 bloodless event in England deposed Catholic King James II?

The Glorious Revolution.

3.9.5: What period followed the Glorious Revolution where Navigation Laws were weakly enforced?

Salutary neglect.

3.10.1: Which religious group was officially known as the Religious Society of Friends?

The Quakers.

3.10.2: Who founded Pennsylvania in 1681 as a sanctuary for Quakers?

William Penn.

3.10.3: What city's name translates from Greek as the "City of Brotherly Love"?

Philadelphia.

3.10.4: What small neighboring colony remained under the governor of Pennsylvania until the American Revolution?

Delaware.

3.10.5: What three colonies were widely categorized as the "bread colonies"?

Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey.