Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Order Testudines
Turtles
Family Cheloniidae
Sea Turtles
Family Dermochelyidae
Leatherback
Family Chelydridae
Snapping Turtles
Family Kinosternidae
Mud & Musk Turtles
Family Emydidae
Basking, Marsh & Box Turtles
Emydidae (Basking, Marsh & Box Turtles)
Sexual Maturity at 20 years
Sex determined by temperature
Family Testudinidae
Tortoises
Testudinidae (Tortoises)
50 species
Terrestrial
Maturity at 20 years
Family Trionychidae
Soft-shelled Turtles
Trionychidae (Soft-shelled Turtles)
26 species
Genetic sex determination
Fully aquatic
Ability to respire through throat (Pharyngeal respiration)
Squamata
1900 species
Diversity of reptiles lays in squamata
Lizards can blink & geckos cannot
Lizards have ears
Internal fertilization
Family Gekkonidae
Geckos
Gekkonidae (Geckos)
970 species
Vili on feet
Vili
Suction cups on feet
Family Iguanidae
Iguanas & anoles
Iguanidae (Iguanas & anoles)
Used to be huge family now only 34 species
"New World" Iguanas
Oviparous
Family Phrynosomatidae
Spiny Lizards
Phrynosomatidae (Spiny Lizards)
125 species
Broad diversity
Oviparous
"New World" Family
Interesting defense behaviors
Agamidae
400 species
"Old World" Iguanas
Prominent spines
All but one species is Oviparous
Polychrotidae (anoles & friends)
650 species
Arboreal lifestyle
Oviparous
Nicely colored dewlap
Mating is color specific between species & push up based
Family Anguidae
Glass or Alligator Lizards (Legless Lizards)
Anguidae (Legless Lizards)
120 species
Snake-like
Osteoderms
2/3 of body is tail
Fossorial
Can drop tail
Family Helodermatidae
Beaded Lizards
Helodermatidae (Beaded Lizards)
2 species
Bead-like scales
Osteoderms
Aposematic Coloration
Only two venomous lizards
Have to chew for venom to get in wound
Semi-arboreal
Oviparous
10 months for eggs to catch
Family Teiidae
Whiptails & Racerunners
Teiidae (Whiptails & Racerunners)
110 species
"New World"
Very small dorsal scales & large ventral scales
Diurnal
Most are oviparous
Some are parthenogenic
Family Scincidae
Skinks
Scincidae (Skinks)
1200 species
Osteoderms
Can drop tail
All reproductive strategies
Serpents (Snakes)
Bifurcated tongue
Jacobson organ
Most species only have 1 lung
All reproductive strategies
4 venomous snakes in IN
Family Boidae
Boas
Boidae (Boas)
63 species
Primitive species
Vestigial pelvic girdle
Legs than no legs
Heat seeking pits on sides of mouth
Most are Ovoviparous
Family Viperidae
Vipers
Viperidae (Vipers)
Venomous
Hinged fangs that are hypodermic (Hallow)
Loreal pit (Heat seeking organ) One on each side of face
Hemotoxican (Digest tissue)
Mostly Viviparous
Bite and Follow
Family Elapidae
Cobras & Corals
Elapiade (Cobras & Corals)
280 species
Neurotoxic venom
Oviparous
Bite and hold a little longer than Vipers
Family Colubridae
Snakes
Colubridae (Snakes)
Used to be 2,000 species, now just 650 species
Ovoviparous & Viviparous
Family Natricidae
Water Snakes
Natricidae (Water Snakes)
200 species
All aquatic or have aquatic life stage
Family Dipsadidae
Snakes
Dipsadidae (Snakes)
700 species
Hide
Oviparous
Reptile Taxonomy
Increased brain size
More effective jaw
Scales
Amniotic eggs
Well developed lungs
Skeletal structure improved
Amniota
Permian
Synapsids, Diapsids & Anapsids
Permian
Anapsids
1st reptiles
No temporal fenestrae (No holes..tehe "holes")
Turtles
Synapsids
Single hole (mammals & mammal-like reptiles)
Diapsids
Two holes (Crocs, snakes, lizards & maybe turtles)
Mesozoic (Reptiles)
Dominated by reptiles
(Dinosaurs)
Radiation of Reptiles
250 mya
Archosauromorphs
"Ruling reptiles" of Mesozoic
Casineria
Early Carboniferous
340 mya
Salamander-like
1st amniote
Transitional form from amphibians to reptiles
Hylanomus
1st Lizards
Carboniferous
315 mya
Anaspid
Perhaps earliest known reptile
Crocodylians
Surviving archosuars
Sarcosuchus
Super croc
"Flesh crocodyle"
Lepidosauromorphs
Appeared late Permian
2nd Major Diapsid lineage
Ancestral to squamates (Snakes, Lizards & Tuatuara)
Tuatuara
Living Fossils from Triassic
Endemic to New Zealand
200 myo
Odontoochelys
Late Triassic
220 mya
"toothed shell"
Turtle
Proganochelys
Late Triassic
210 mya
"early turtle"
Has few teeth
Eileanchelys
Late Jurrasic
165-160 mya
Earliest pond turtle
Archelon
Late Cretaceous
75-65 mya
"Ruling turtle"
12 ft. ~2 tons
Leathery Shell
Archosaurians
Mammals, Birds & Crocs
What is the limiting factor of Reptiles & Amphibians?
Temperature
Heat Exchange in Ectotherms
Radiation
Convection
Conduction
Ectotherms produce low metabolic heat?
Yes
Major drivers in Ectothermy
Rate of water loss
Heat Exchange
Surface:Volume Ratio
Amphibians have a lower metabolic rate than reptiles?
True
Conduction
Heat exchange with a surface
Reptiles tend to have higher body temps than anything else?
True
Salamanders have lowest body temperature and lizards have highest?
True
ATR (Active Body Temperature)
27-35 degrees C
How many chambers do amphibians have?
Two atria
One ventricle
How efficient is the amphibian circulatory system?
Not highly efficient
Amphibian lymphatic system open system or both?
Open System
Who has lymph hearts?
Amphibians
Amphibian blood
Nucleated
Reptile Heart
No single "model"
Typically three chambers
Amphibian Respiratory System
Air moves in and out by a buccopharyngeal force pump mechanism
Are amphibian positive or negative pressure breathers?
Positive Pressure Breathers
Reptilian Lungs
Simple sac-like lungs
Sacs called faveoli
Snakes have single lung
Vitellogensis
Accumulation of nutrients in the cytoplasm of the developing egg
Salamanders have what kind of fertilization?
Polyspermic
Sperm storage organ in Salamanders?
Spermatheca
Gynogenesis
Male is only needed to activate the zygote
Two growth Pulses
Embryonic
Juvenile
All Reptiles have what three Reproductive things in common?
Internal Fertilization
Direct Development
Amniotic Eggs
In reptiles, vitellogenin is selectively absorbed by oocytes and enzymatically converted to yolk proteins, what is this process called?
Pintocytosis
Cleidoic Egg
Shelled
Membranes in Cleidoic egg
Allantois
Chorions
Amnions
Turtles and Crocs Penises
Spongy connective tissue erects via vascular pressure
Parthenogenesis
Females reproduce without the involvement of males or sperm
(Clonal)
Teiidae have what reproductive strategy?
Parthenogenesis
Parental Care Types
Pre-depositional: Egg size and quality
Post-depositional: Nest location
Live-bearing: Complete control over everything
Note 
Flashcard (28)