Water Properties and Bonding

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the properties and bonding of water, including particle theory, atomic structure, covalent bonds, solubility, and the effects of temperature and salinity on water's physical properties.

What is the kinetic particle theory in relation to the states of water?

The kinetic particle theory states that all matter contains particles in constant motion, and the state of matter can change as energy is transferred to/from these particles.

What happens during the melting of ice?

When ice is heated, energy is added causing water molecules to vibrate faster, break apart, and flow away.

What is the boiling point of water at 1 atmospheric pressure?

100 degrees Celsius.

What structure does an atom have?

An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons arranged in shells.

What defines covalent bonds in water molecules?

Covalent bonds in water molecules are formed by the sharing of electron pairs between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

What is the chemical formula for water?

H₂O.

What is the difference between solute and solvent?

A solute is a substance that is dissolved, while a solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute.

How does temperature affect the solubility of salts in water?

As temperature increases, the dissolution rate of salts also increases.

What is salinity?

Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in water, typically measured in parts per thousand (ppt).

How does ice function as an insulator in the marine environment?

Ice floats on water, acting as a thermal insulator that reduces heat loss from the water beneath, allowing ecosystems to survive.

What is hydrogen bonding and how does it affect water's properties?

Hydrogen bonding occurs due to the polar nature of water, affecting its solvent action, density, and specific heat capacity.

What occurs during the dissolution of sodium chloride in water?

Water's polarity allows it to break ionic bonds in sodium chloride, forming new bonds with the Na+ and Cl- ions.