Nursing Exam 1

Florence Nightingale

Recognized the importance of data collection, note-taking, and graphs to show the correlation between cleanliness and health.

Clara Barton

Started the American Red Cross and helped locate missing soldiers.

Dorothea Dix

Known for advocacy for mental health reform and indigenous rights.

Ilduara Murillo-Rohde

Founded the National Association of Hispanic Nurses (NAHA).

Eddie Bernice

Faced segregation as a student and was the first RN elected to the U.S. Congress as a representative from Texas.

Benner's Novice-to-Expert Model

Includes five stages: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert.

Novice stage

Nursing students and new nurses with no experience who cannot draw on their own judgement.

Advanced Beginner stage

Has been involved in enough real-world situations but needs clinical support to set priorities.

Competent stage

Able to prioritize tasks by drawing on past experiences but may not practice with the same speed as proficient nurses.

Proficient stage

Able to understand the bigger picture with improved decision-making.

Expert stage

Has extensive experience and knowledge, self-confidence, and trusts their intuitive sense.

National League of Nursing (NLN) values

Caring, Integrity, Diversity, Inclusion.

American Academy of Medicine

Supports a scientific, evidenced-based approach to health issues.

National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)

Offers connections, scholarships, and resources for nursing students.

American Nursing Association (ANA)

Supports nurses' health and wellness, fosters high standards, ensures ethical behavior, and advocates for nurses.

Change agent role

A nurse who brings innovation for improvement through knowledge, critical thinking, objectivity, and practice.

Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice document

Provides a framework for all nurses that clarifies what nursing involves and the responsibilities of the profession.

Code of Ethics for Nurses

Outlines rules for nurses about client privacy, nursing conduct, and behaviors to protect clients and the profession.

Holistic Nursing Care

Nurses provide care for the whole person: physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

Health Literacy

Client's knowledge and understanding about their conditions.

Nurse as Care Manager

Ensures clients receive the care they need to navigate the health care system to achieve safe outcomes.

Roles of nurses

Leaders, care providers, researchers, educators, managers, and change agents.

Criteria for a profession

Specialized training & knowledge, service to society, higher education, autonomy for decision making, professional organizations (ANA), licensure.

Key functions of the American Nurses Association (ANA)

Enhancing the profession of nursing through high standards, promoting nurses' rights, positive image, and lobbying for healthcare policy.

Values of Nursing

Human dignity, Social Justice, Respect for Autonomy, Altruism, Integrity, Ethical.

Professional Identity in Nursing

Advocacy, Integrity, Compassion, Courage, Humility, Human flourishing.

Nursing Standards of Practice embedded components

ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Plan, Intervention, Evaluation.

Key Roles of a Nurse

Care Provider, Educator, Client Advocate, Change Agent, Manager, Researcher, Collaborator.

Modes of communication

Verbal, Nonverbal, Electronic, Written.

Assertive communication

Honest and clear communication that does not violate the rights of others.

Motivational interviewing

A form of therapeutic communication that empowers the receiver to make positive changes.

OARS

Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, Summarizing.

Patient-centered care

A concept that puts the client at the center of the nurse's care, considering caring, client preferences, and cultural considerations.

Importance of caring in nursing

Foundational to the role; nurses have a responsibility to care for clients in a holistic manner.

Watson's Theory of Human Caring

To care for others, nurses must first care for themselves and attempt to achieve inner balance and spirituality.

Caritas Processes

Sustaining humanistic-altruistic values, being authentically present, being sensitive to self and others, developing and sustaining loving, trusting-care relationships, allowing for expression of positive and negative feeling, creatively problem-solving through caring process, engaging in transpersonal teaching and learning, creating healing environment at all levels, reverently assisting with basic needs as sacred acts, opening to spiritual, mystery, unknowns allows for miracles.

Categories in Swanson's Theory of Caring

Maintaining belief, knowing, being with, doing for, enabling.

Culturally competent care

Caring for a client by utilizing preferences of their culture is critical to providing client-centered care.

ANA standards

Standards of Nursing Practice and Standards of Professional Performance.

Five steps of the nursing process

Assessment, Analysis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.

QSEN project

Developed competencies that nursing students should acquire in nursing school.

Nursing licensure purpose

Ensures that a nurse has met requirements necessary for care and protects the public's health and welfare.

Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC)

Permits nurses to practice in their home state and other compact states under one multistate license.

State Nurse Practice Acts

Regulate nursing within each state of the US.

Six competencies necessary for health

Patient-centered care, Teamwork and collaboration, Evidence-based practice, Quality improvement, Safety, Informatics.

Basic components of Nurse Practice Acts

Standards and Scope of Practice, Requirements for licensure, Grounds of disciplinary action.

Ethics definition

Making decisions, choosing right from wrong, acting within one's individual values.

Ethical principles

Autonomy, Beneficence, Veracity, Fidelity, Justice.

Autonomy in ethics

Freedom or independence to make own decisions.

Beneficence in ethics

Actions guided by compassion/kindness.

Veracity in ethics

Telling the truth.

Fidelity in ethics

Keeping promises or commitments.

Justice in ethics

Actions are fair and equitable.

Tort law

Act or fail to act, resulting in injury.

Values definition

A personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that sets standards that influence behavior.

Non-Maleficence

Associated with harmful actions.

Beneficence in ethics

Prevent evil or harm, present positive requirements for action.

Paternalism

Failure of beneficence and lack of trust, breaches respect for autonomy.

Justice

Fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment.