IB History of the Americans Unit 3

Truman

→truman doctrine, which focused on the usa financially and militarily sending support to other countries to help stop the spread of communism

→inspired by george kennan (x article)

→marshall plan

IKE

→looked at containment from the perspective of CIA

→domino effect theory

jfk

→alliance for progress

Chairman Mao Zedong

leader of the Chinese Communists

Chiang Kai-shek

Nationalist leader of China (ally of the usa, pushed out of china by Mao)

Kim II Sung

dictator of north and communist korea established by the ussr

alger hiss

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.

Mohammed Mossadegh

prime minister of iran who had hoped to nationalize the oil fields of iran before being removed by the CIA under allen dulles (operation ajax)

Shah of Iran

replaced mohammed mossadegh for the purposes of BP corporation

Ayatollah Khomeini

rose in iran because of protests against the shah of iran

iran contra affair

scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras (samoza gov) in Nicaragua who were fighting the communist Sandinistas

Gamal Nassar

wished to modernize egypt by cozying up to the ussr and then to nationalize the Suez canal and build the aswan dam

Lester B Pearson

Prime Minister of Canada, suggested peacekeeping missions in egypt to keep the canal in business

Nikita Khrushchev

A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Russian writer allowed to publish a book that was describing the horrors of labor camps in his anti-stalin novel

Imre Nagy

Communist leader who declared Hungary a free nation in the hungarian revolution and rose against the ussr after the secret speech

Gary powers

pilot of the u2 spy planes that were used to check on their military that was also shot down (operation grand slam)

Rudolf Abel

exchanged for Gary Powers in spy swap

patrice lumumba

First Prime Minister of Democratic Republic of Congo - eventually arrested and murdered for leading a campaign in congo

joseph Kasavubu

First elected president of congo that helped the CIA overthrow lumumba

Cuban Missile Crisis

The 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Che Guevara

an Argentine revolutionary leader who was Fidel Castro's chief lieutenant in the Cuban revolution

Brezhnev Doctrine

harder line on the soviet states yearning to be free and a build up of the soviet military

salt treaty

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. US & USSR signed a treaty limiting the number of nuclear warheads & missiles they built.

Franz Kafka

Czech novelist who wrote in German about a nightmarish world of isolated and troubled individuals (1883-1924) - inspired prague spring

Alexander Dubcek

Communist Party Secretary of Czechoslovakia; led Prague spring and supported the retaliation against the soviet union

Jan Palach

student who sets himself on fire in Prague at end of prague spring in 1968

Vaclav Havel "velvet revolution"

became the first President of Czechoslavakia and the first President of the Czech Republic in 1993 (led velvet revolution)

Ho Chi Mihn

communist leader of N. Vietnan

Dien Bien Phu

A town of northwest Vietnam near the Laos border. The French military base here fell to Vietminh troops on May 7, 1954, after a 56-day siege, leading to the end of France's involvement in Indochina.

Gulf of Tonkin incident

Alleged attack of US ships by North Vietnamese torpedoes in the Tonkin Gulf on August 4, 1964. Prompted the escalation of the War in Vietnam.

war powers act

Passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.

tet offense

Viet Cong and NV launch surprise attack on cities, towns and US bases in SV. Demonstrated that Vien Cony could launch attack on targets throughout SV. Convinces Americans that the war isn't ending

The my lie massacre

led to a shift in public opinion with Americans demanding a decreased presence in Vietnam

killing fields

(operation rolling thunder and operation menu) bombings led to rise of Pol Pot, and areas in Cambodia where a mass amount of people were killed under the Khmer Rouge regime

camp david

A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel

Mujahidin

(osama bin laden) anti-soviet forces in Afghanistan that would eventually beat the soviets in the soviet-afghan war

Soviet War in Afghanistan

9 year war in which the USSR supported the Marxist-Leninist puppet government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan while the US supported the mujahideen (vietnam war of the ussr)

Star Wars Program

plan to shoot down Soviet missiles with lasers, and scared Brezhnev into believing the US was more technologically advanced than the US

Tiananman Square Massacre

protest in China in 1989 against government for democracy (man stood infront of tank)

jacobo arbenz

Communist leader in Guatemala who was overthrown in 1954 by the CIA. (agrarian reform bill to nationalize land for the poor, and united fruit co did not like this and called on the IKE administration)

Ngo Dihn Diem

leader of South Vietnam, supported by US until his unpopularity led us to approve a coup by the military

Saddam Hussein

Was a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources (oil rich). He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction, as it was reported that Hussein was giving WPAs to Osama Bin Laden

Farabundo Marti

leader of the peasent revolts in El Salvador,

Salvador Allende

Socialist politician elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by the military in 1973 because of his poor economic decisions

Augusto Pinochet

A dictator in Chile who came to power by a military takeover promising to restore stability.

Omar Torrijos

came to power in panama via a coup and signed a treaty with carter to hand the panama canal to the panama gov in 2000.

Manuel Noriega

replacement of torrijos in panama. he supported many people such as the CIA, pablo escobar, and fidel castro