SGO

Spanish-American War Causes

Cuban struggle for independence, yellow journalism, USS Maine sinking, American imperial ambitions.

Progressive Era

Period in early 20th century (1890s-1920s) focusing on social reform, political reform, big business regulation, conservation, consumer protection.

World War 1 Causes

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points

Open Diplomacy, Freedom of the seas, Free trade, Disarmament, Self-determination, League of Nations.

Prohibition

Ban on alcohol production and sale in the US, leading to rise of organized crime and illegal speakeasies.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from rural South to urban North, shaping urban culture and contributing to the Harlem Renaissance.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural movement celebrating African American culture through literature, music, art, and activism in the 1920s.

Red Scare

Anti-communist hysteria in the US during the early 20th century, leading to fear of communist infiltration and government crackdowns.

Great Depression Causes

Stock Market Crash, Bank Failures, Reduction in Purchasing Power, Protectionist Trade Policies, Overproduction, Underconsumption.

Dust Bowl

Severe dust storms in the 1930s due to drought, over-farming, and poor land management, leading to economic hardship and forced migration.

New Deal

Programs by FDR in the 1930s to combat the Great Depression through relief, recovery, and reform initiatives.

Fascism Rise

Emergence in Italy, Germany, and other countries leading to aggressive expansionism and contributing to World War II.

Appeasement Policy

Agreement allowing Nazi Germany to annex Sudetenland in 1938 to avoid war.

World War II Impact on US Economy

Increased industrial production, job creation, economic growth due to war spending.

United Nations Establishment Reasons

Promote international cooperation, prevent conflicts, protect human rights, provide aid, facilitate dialogue.

Cold War

Geopolitical tension between US and Soviet Union allies from 1945 to 1991.

American Response to Communism

Containment, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, military interventions in Korea and Vietnam.

HUAC

House Un-American Activities Committee investigating alleged disloyalty and subversive activities during the Cold War.

Korean War Causes

Division of Korea, Cold War tensions, North Korean invasion of South Korea, desire for reunification under different ideologies.

Suburban Boom of the 1950s

Driven by affordable housing, GI Bill, automobile culture, leading to mass migration to suburbs.

Brown v Board of Education

1954 Supreme Court case declaring segregation in schools unconstitutional.

Little Rock Nine

African American students integrating into Little Rock Central High School in 1957, facing racial segregation and opposition.

March on Washington

Advocated for civil and economic rights for African Americans, leading to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed 1961 CIA-backed operation to overthrow Fidel Castro's government in Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 confrontation between US and USSR over Soviet missiles in Cuba, closest to nuclear war during the Cold War.

Great Society

LBJ's 1960s programs to eliminate poverty, racial injustice, improve education, healthcare, and urban living conditions.

16th Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1913, granting Congress the power to levy income taxes.

17th Amendment

Passed in 1913, it allows for the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people of each state, rather than by state legislatures.

18th Amendment

Prohibition-era law (1919) banning alcohol manufacture, sale, and transportation in the United States until its repeal in 1933.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote in 1920, prohibiting the denial of voting rights based on gender.