Chapter 25-1: The Digestive System

Functions of the Digestive system (6)

1. Ingestion

2. Mechanical processing (mastication, propulsion, mixing)

3. Digestion (Chemical digestion)

4. Secretion (exocrine: in gut, endocrine: hormones to regulate organs in gut)

5. Absorption

6. Elimination (compaction and defecation)

The Digestive system is make or what tract and what acessory organs

muscular digestive tract (alimentary tract)

1.esophagus

2.stomach

3.small intestine

4.large intestine

Accessory organs (produce exocrine products to help digestion)

1.salivary glands

2.exocrine pancreas

3.liver

4.gallbladder

parietal peritoneum lines where

attaches to abdominal muscles

visceral peritoneum lines where

attaches to organs

peritoneums develop in what

mesenteries that hold and supports the digestive organs

mesenteries are what

sheets of serous membrane that support portions of the digestive tract

greater omentum lies where and provides what (4)

anterior to the abdominal viscera (abdominal organs)

provides protection, padding, insulation and energy reserves

lesser omentum lies where and does what

between liver and stomach

stabilizes the stomach abd provides support for blood vessels entering and leaving the stomach

Falciform ligament does what

supports and stabilizes the liver

mesocolon is what

mesentery associated with the large intestine

two types of mesocolon

transverse mesocolon and sigmoid mesocolon

retroperitoneal organs means what and what organs are retroperitoneal (3)

organs that lie behind the peritoneum

1.duodenum

2.pancreas

3.rectum

mucosa lines where in the digestive tract

inside the digestive tract

mucosa has 3 parts what are they

1. epithelium

2. lamina propria

3. muscularis mucosae

mucosa epithelium types and where there found (2) and specialized cells (2)

mucosa epithelium types (2)

1. stratified squamous: mouth, oral pharynx, esophagus, anus

2. simple columnar: most of tract

specialized cells (2)

1. goblet cells

2. enteroendocrine cells

Lamina Propria includes what (5)

1. areolar tissue

2. blood vessels

3. nerves

4. lymphatics

5. MALT system

Muscularis mucosae is what

thin layer of smooth muscle cells, alters shape of muscosa

submucosa is deep to what

mucosa

submucosa is layer of what kind of connective tissue

irregular connective tissue

submucosa contains what

1. exocrine glands

2. large blood vessel and lymphatic vessels

3. meissners plexus (submucosa plexus)

meissners plexus (submucosa plexus) is what and controls what

network of sensory neurons, parasympathetic ganglion neurons, and sympathetic nerves

mainly controls secretions and mucosa muscle contractions

Muscular externa is made of what two muscle layers

two layers of smooth muscle arranged in circular and longitudinal layers (in most parts of tract)

myenteric plexus is located where and does what

located in muscularis extrena and controls smooth muscle contraction of muscularis externa

Serosa (visceral peritoneum) is

serous membrane covering most of the muscularis externa

adventitia is what and found where

tough outer layer of serosa found in oral cavity, pharynx esophagus, and rectum

Short GI reflexes do what

stay within GI tract and don’t use CNS

Short GI reflexes use what type of networks

submucosal (meissners) and myenteric

Long reflexes do what

go to and from the CNS

Long reflexes are mainly what

vagovagal (parasympathetic) reflexes