4. Religious Pluralism and Theology - Inclusivism

Theological exclusivism

The belief that only Christians, or only some Christians, will achieve salvation.

Controlling beliefs

Beliefs that can influence or determine one’s understanding or acceptance of salvation in theological exclusivism.

Theological inclusivism

The view that while Christianity is the primary path to salvation, some non-Christians can also be saved.

Divine benevolence

The attribute of God that expresses his goodness and desire for everyone to be saved, even those who have not heard the Gospel.

Lumen Gentium, §8

A key document from the Catholic Church that speaks about the Church's role in communicating truth and grace, governed by the successor of Peter and bishops.

1 Timothy 2:3-6

A biblical passage emphasizing that God desires everyone to be saved and highlights the unique mediatory role of Christ.

Lost sheep parable

A parable told by Jesus in Luke 15 that illustrates God's joy over a sinner who repents.

Lost coin parable

A parable from Luke 15 that depicts the joy in heaven over a sinner who repents, similar to a woman who rejoices over finding a lost coin.

Amazonian tribesman example

An argument used in theological inclusivism questioning the justice of punishing those who have never heard the Gospel.