Global 9 Final Exam Review Sheet

Paleolithic Era

Refers to the old Stone Age before written language, characterized by artifacts like bone needles, hand axes, and nomadic lifestyles.

Agricultural Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution around 10,000 BCE marked by the shift from hunting-gathering to farming, leading to settled communities and the beginning of civilizations.

Job Specialization

The increase in population and food surpluses in early civilizations led to job specialization, advanced technology, and the transition from villages to cities.

Legalism

A Chinese philosophy advocating strict laws and a powerful government to maintain order, exemplified by Shi Huang Di's rule during the Qin Dynasty.

Silk Road

An ancient trade route connecting China to the Roman Empire, facilitating cultural diffusion and safe trade, contributing to the prosperity of civilizations along its path.

Pope Urban II's Crusade

Pope Urban II called for a series of wars between Christians and Muslims, leading to the revival of trade and emergence of medieval towns in Europe.

Islam's Spread

Islam spread through prophets, treated conquered people well, and had two main sects - Shiites and Sunnis, each following different beliefs and practices.

Islamic Golden Age

During the Islamic Golden Age, Baghdad was a center of advancements in medicine and architecture, facilitated by trade and the House of Wisdom.

African Trading States

African trading states like Timbuktu thrived through the trans-Saharan trade network, facilitated by camels and the exchange of salt and gold.

Trade Routes/Networks

Trade routes like the Silk Road, Trans-Saharan Trade Route, and Indian Ocean Basin facilitated cultural diffusion and the exchange of goods between regions.

Korea's Role

Korea served as a cultural bridge between Japan and China, fostering trade and creating the Hangul language for independence and unity.

Tang/Song China

Tang/Song China had a civil service exam system, Confucian values, and technological advancements like the magnetic compass and printing press.

Japan's Feudal Society

Japan had a feudal society ruled by the samurai class, with power shifting from the emperor to the shogun, leading to the development of exclusive trade for resources.

Mongols' Empire

The Mongols expanded their empire through the steppes of Central Asia, using cavalry and religious tolerance, while also introducing paper money and guarding the Silk Road.

Mesoamerican Empires

The Aztec and Inca empires had advanced city planning, warfare strategies, and tribute systems, with the Inca adapting to the environment through terrace farming and the Mita system.

Renaissance

The Renaissance was a period of cultural rebirth in Italy, characterized by humanism, patronage, and new subjects in art, with the printing press revolutionizing book accessibility.

Zheng He/Ming Dynasty

Zheng He's voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean showcased Chinese power, leading to the tribute system and China's subsequent isolationism under the Ming Dynasty.

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire rose to power by conquering Constantinople, with Suleiman the Magnificent enforcing Shariah law and transforming Constantinople into a center of Islamic culture.

Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration was driven by the 3 G's - Glory, God, and Gold, with European exploration spurred by the desire for wealth, power, and new trade routes.

Muslim merchants

Control trade routes

Spread of Catholicism

Inspired by Marco Polo's book

Portugal and Spain

Seek alternate trade route to Asia

Spanish conquest

Leads to colonization

Impact on Native Americans

Population decline due to diseases

Columbian Exchange

Connects Americas, Europe, and Africa

European Monarchs

Establish control through conquest

Encomienda system

Spanish enslave Native Americans

Atlantic Slave Trade

Forms racial hierarchy in the Americas

Age of Absolutism

Divine Right of Kings

Louis XIV

Known as the Sun King

Peter the Great

Transforms Russia into a world power

English Rejection of Absolutism

Leads to Glorious Revolution

Enlightenment

Philosophical ideas challenge traditional beliefs

Peter the Great and Catherine the Great

Westernize Russia

French Revolution

Reign of Terror and Committee of Public Safety

Themes for Essay

Political systems, Inequality, Geography, Social classes