3.6 phyc

These flashcards cover essential concepts from developmental psychology, focusing on various systems affecting development, parenting styles, attachment behaviors, and Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.

Microsystem

The most immediate environment where a person has direct interactions (e.g., family, school, peers, home).

Mesosystem

The links and interactions between different microsystems (e.g., how a child's school performance affects their home life).

Exosystem

External settings that indirectly affect the individual (e.g., parent's job stress, community resources).

Macrosystem

The broader cultural context, including societal values, laws, customs, and economic conditions.

Chronosystem

The dimension of time, including life events and historical periods that impact development.

Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE's)

Negative or traumatic events in childhood that impact long-term development.

Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE's)

Stable and nurturing relationships/environments that support children.

Authoritarian Parenting

Low responsiveness and high demandingness characterized by strict rules and obedience.

Permissive Parenting

High responsiveness and low demandingness characterized by few rules and prioritizing child's happiness.

Authoritative Parenting

High responsiveness and high demandingness characterized by clear expectations and communication.

Neglectful Parenting

Low responsiveness and low demandingness characterized by emotionally detached and uninvolved parents.

Secure Attachment

Behavior characterized by separation anxiety but calmness upon caregiver's return, resulting from a sense of trust and safety.

Anxious Attachment

Insecure behavior characterized by clinginess and difficulty to soothe, stemming from inconsistent caregiving.

Avoidant Attachment

Insecure behavior exemplified by indifference to caregiver, resulting from emotionally distant and unresponsive caregiving.

Disorganized Attachment

Insecure behavior that is contradictory and stems from inconsistent caregiving, often seen in cases of neglect.

Parallel Play

An early childhood interaction where children play alongside one another without direct interaction.

Imaginary Audience

The belief during adolescence that others are watching and judging one's behavior and appearance.

Personal Fable

The belief that one’s thoughts and feelings are unique, leading to feelings of being misunderstood or isolated.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The developmental stage focused on whether infants can trust their world based on caregiver consistency.

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

The developmental stage where toddlers seek independence and develop autonomy through encouragement.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The developmental stage where children initiate activities and develop initiative when encouraged.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The developmental stage focused on school and peer comparison, influencing self-confidence through success.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The developmental stage in adolescence focused on exploring roles, values, and identity formation.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The developmental stage in young adulthood focused on forming close relationships.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The developmental stage in middle adulthood centered on contributing to the world through productivity.

Integrity vs. Despair

The developmental stage in late adulthood where individuals reflect on life accomplishments and their meaning.