AICE U.S. History Paper 2 Review: Topics 2–4

Flashcards for reviewing Reconstruction, Gilded Age, Transition Era, and Great Depression.

What did the 13th Amendment (1865) accomplish?

Abolished slavery in the United States.

What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

An organization established to aid freed slaves after the Civil War.

What were the Black Codes?

Laws enacted in the South that restricted the rights of African Americans.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 aim to achieve?

Granted equal rights to all citizens, regardless of race.

What is the significance of the 14th Amendment (1868)?

Defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law.

What was the main provision of the Reconstruction Acts (1867)?

Divided the South into military districts to oversee Reconstruction.

What led to the Johnson Impeachment (1868)?

Resulted from a conflict with Congress over Reconstruction policies.

What right did the 15th Amendment (1870) secure?

Granted voting rights to Black men.

What was the goal of the KKK during Reconstruction?

Sought to suppress Black political power through violence and intimidation.

What was the significance of the Compromise of 1877?

Marked the end of Reconstruction.

What industries experienced a boom during the Gilded Age?

Railroads, oil, and steel.

What was the impact of the Transcontinental Railroad?

Completed in 1869, it revolutionized transportation across the country.

Name three major labor unions during the Gilded Age.

Knights of Labor, AFL, and IWW.

What legislation restricted immigration during the Gilded Age?

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882).

What is an example of a political machine during the Gilded Age?

Tammany Hall.

What were key policies/events of the Progressive Era?

Roosevelt's Square Deal and Wilson's Federal Reserve.

What events marked WWI during the Transition Era?

U.S. entry in 1917 and Great Migration.

What events are associated with the Red Scare?

Palmer Raids.

What factors contributed to the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

Over-speculation and banking crisis.

What policies did Hoover implement during the Great Depression?

Rugged individualism, RFC, and Bonus Army.

What were the three main categories of FDR's New Deal programs, with examples?

Relief (CCC, WPA), Recovery (AAA, NRA), and Reform (FDIC, SSA).

Famous Robber Barons of the Gilded Age

John D. Rockefeller (oil), Andrew Carnegie (steel), Cornelius Vanderbilt (railroads), J.P. Morgan (finance).

16th Amendment (1913)

Federal Income Tax: Congress has the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without any apportionment among the several states.

17th Amendment (1913)

Direct Election of Senators: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote

Hoover's response to the Great Depression

Agricultural Marketing Act (1929) to help farmers, Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to provide loans to businesses, and limited public works projects.

Emergency Banking Act (1933)

FDR: Stabilized the banking system.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) (1933)

FDR: Regulated farm production