AP PSYCH (MYERS UPDATED) UNIT 9 - Social Psychology [MODULE 80]

This term refers to one’s unselfish regard for the welfare of others.

Altruism

John Darley and Bibb Latane were social psychologists that studied the Genovese murder and attributed the inaction of witnesses during that case to the ________________.

Bystander Effect

John Darley and Bibb Latane’s study found that others would only help in situations where it’s __________, _____________, and __________________________.

Noticeable, Solely Responsible on the Person, Emergent

This term refers to an effect of the bystander effect where a situation that occurs in front of crowd of people shifts creating a shared responsibility but also a negative effect of ____________________.

Diffusion of Responsibility

In a research where an individual accidentally drops a coin in front of passengers in an elevator, the study found that if the person had dropped the coin in an elevator with one other person, 40% of those individuals helped while if the person had dropped it in a crowded elevator only 20% did, this is an example of..

Bystander Effect

This theory is also known as the utilitarianism and cost-benefit analysis, it’s known for explaining how all human interests are self-interested for it’s goal towards maximizing rewards.

Social-Exchange Theory

This is the expectation that humans should return help and not harm to those that have helped us.

Reciprocity Norm

This norm suggests that humankind has an expectation to help those that are in our need of assistance and help such as young children and others who cannot give back as much as they receive.

Social-Responsibility Norm

This term is a perception of incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas between individuals.

Conflict

This term refers to situations where individuals harm the collective being of a group by pursuing their own personal interests.

Social Traps

Individual fishermen benefit from catching as many fish as possible to maximize profits but since there are also other fishermen who follow the same mindset, and if they all follow this and overfish, they would deplete the population, loosing profits for everyone. This is a classic example of..

Social Traps

This term refers to the distorted views between “them” and “us” which is held by conflicting groups of individuals who see the other side as enemies.

Mirror-Image Perception

To most people, torture seems more justified when done by “us” rather than “them,” this is an example of..

Mirror-Image Perception

A teacher believes a student is terrible at math and provides less attention towards them, the student puts in less effort as such which would reaffirm the teacher’s believe. This is an example of…

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Black and Whites as roommates improves attitudes toward others of the different race and even toward other racial group, this is an example of..

Positive Contact

Two enemy teams became trapped in a ditch, the two teams had to collaborate and work with each other in order to get out of the ditch, in the end the enemy teams became friends with each other. This is an example of..

Cooperative Contact

This term refers to goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

Superordinate Goals

During an incident in the Cold War, both the United States and Soviet pushes tanks up to a militarized border gate in East and West Berlin in Checkpoint Charlie, the two later mediated by slowly inching tanks back one inches at a time slowly, country by country. This is an example of..

GRIT

This term refers to tension reduction by slowly conducting small conciliatory actions allowing for reciprocity by the other party during conflicts to slowly ease tensions.

GRIT