UCSP-2NDQ-REVIEWER

Conformity

Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards.

Deviance

Departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior.

Conformist

A person who conforms to accepted behavior or established practices.

Deviant

Behavior that violates significant social norms and is disapproved by the majority of people.

Variety of Deviance

The study of why people violate laws or norms and how society reacts to these violations.

Reasons for Deviance

Different perspectives on the causes of deviance, including factors from within the individual, outside the individual, and differences in personalities.

Primary Deviance

Behavior that violates or does not conform to a prescribed norm of conduct but is tolerated and concealed by others.

Secondary Deviance

Behavior of a lifetime conformist or the behavior of a branded criminal.

Individual Deviance

Violation against a group's norm or subculture.

Group Deviance

Act of the members of a group conforming to the group's norms but disagreeing with norms of the larger society.

Innovation

Accepting the goals of society but rejecting the conventional means of attaining them.

Innovators

Individuals who accept the cultural goals of society but reject the conventional methods of attaining them.

Ritualism

Giving up important social values but observing related norms of behavior.

Ritualist

Person who does not believe in the established cultural goals of society but abides by the means of attaining those goals.

Retreatism

Rejection of both values and norms, often resulting in "dropping out" of society.

Retreatist

Person who rejects both the cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals.

Rebellion

Rejecting both ends and means, and attempting to replace the prevailing order.

Rebels

Individuals who not only reject the established cultural goals and means but also substitute new goals and methods of attaining them.

Social Control

Techniques and strategies for regulating human behavior in society.

Formal Social Control

Takes place through legal punishments and sanctions by a legitimate authority.

Informal Social Control

Enforced by members of a community or society rather than by law.

Shaming

Humiliating or ridiculing someone for socially unwanted or deviant behavior.

Praising

Expressions of approval and positive feedback to encourage socially desired behavior.

Gossiping

Spreading rumors or information about an individual as a means of social control.

Physical Aggression

Using physical force through hitting, pushing, kicking, or other forms of aggression as a form of social control.

Informal Dress Code

Enforcing unwritten rules or expectations about fashion styles and ways of dress as a means of social control.

Human Dignity

Respect and acknowledgement of an individual person, a human being.

Violations Against Human Dignity

Humiliation, degradation, dehumanization, and objectification.

Human Rights

Legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement.

Natural Rights

Rights inherent to man and given to him by God as a human being.

Statutory Rights

Rights provided by the law-making body of a country or by a law.

Constitutional Rights

Rights guaranteed under the fundamental charter of the country.

Civil Rights

Rights specified under the Bill of Rights.

Social and Economic Rights

Intended to ensure the well-being and economic security of an individual.

Political Rights

Right to vote and right to be voted into public office.

Rights of the Accused

Intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime.

Common Good

The sum of conditions of social life that allow social groups and their individual members relatively thorough and ready access to their own fulfillment.

Social Aggregates

A simple collection of people who happen to be together in a particular place but do not significantly interact or identify with one another.

Social Categories

People who share a common characteristic but do not necessarily interact or identify with one another.

Social Group

A collection of people who regularly interact with one another based on shared expectations and a sense of common identity.

Primary Group

A small group whose members share close, personal, and enduring relationships.

Secondary Group

Can be small or large, impersonal, and usually short-term.

In-Group

Social groups to which an individual feels they belong and feels loyalty and respect for.

Out-Group

Social groups that an individual does not identify with and feels antagonism and contempt for.

Reference Group

A group with which individuals compare themselves and seek a character connection.

Networks

Sets of formal and informal social ties that link people to each other.

Institution

A society or organization founded for

Bilateral Descent

Societies trace their descent through both parents' ancestors.

Kinship by Marriage

Relations developed when a marriage occurs.

Marriage

Institution where two individuals enter into family life and declare their union as a lifetime couple.

Endogamy

Social rule stating that a partner must be selected from one's own social group.

Exogamy

Rule proclaiming that a partner must be chosen from a different group.

Monogamy

Marriage or sexual partnering practice where an individual has only one partner.

Polygamy

Practice of having more than one partner, either polygyny (multiple partners for a man) or polyandry (multiple male partners for a woman).

Arranged Marriage

Marriage arranged by family, community, or religious group to ensure the most appropriate match.

Group Marriage

Marriage of several men with several women.

Patrilocal

Rule of residence where married couples stay with the husband's relatives or near the husband's kin.

Matrilocal

Rule of residence where couples live with the wife's relatives or near the wife's kin.

Biolocal

Residence where newlywed couples stay with both husband's relatives and wife's kin alternately.

Compadrazgo

Ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family through Catholic rituals like baptism, confirmation, and marriage.

Family

Basic unit of organization, consisting of individuals linked by marriage, blood relations, or adoptions.

Household

Either one person living alone or a group of people living together who share living arrangements.

Nuclear Family

Family made up of two adults and their socially recognized children.

Extended Family

Family beyond the nuclear family, including parents, offspring, and other relatives.

Blended Family

Family where parents have children from previous relationships and form a new family unit.

Political Dynasty

System of succession of political leaders from the same family or clan.

Education

Social institution that formally socializes members of society and transmits skills, knowledge, and values.

Formal Education

Education based on a set curriculum provided in educational institutions and training centers.

Primary Education

First level of formal education.

Secondary Education

Second level of formal education.

Tertiary Education

Third level of formal education.

Nonformal Education

Organized educational activity outside a formal setup, with no age limit.

Informal Education

Lifelong process of learning through daily experiences at home, work, play, and life itself.

Functions of Education

Training in skills, preparing for jobs, preserving culture, encouraging democratic participation, developing critical thinking, enriching life, improving personal adjustment, improving youth health, producing nationalistic citizens, building personal character.

Productive Citizenry

Idea that citizens can create opportunities to become productive.

Self-Actualization

Desire for self-fulfillment and achieving dreams and aspirations in life.

Primary Education as Human Right

Education is a fundamental human right, with primary education being free and compulsory.

Curriculum Goals

Inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, promote respect for human rights, appreciate national heroes, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge, promote vocational efficiency.