World War 1 APUSH

Triple Entente

Alliance between France, Britain, Russia, and later Japan, Italy, and the U.S.

Triple Alliance

Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and later Ottoman Empire.

Number of deaths

Americans lost about 112,432 men total.

Total cost of the war

$186.3 billion

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

What started the War

M.A.N.I.A.

Militarism

Alliances

Nationalism

Imperialism

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

Von Schlieffen Plan

A German plan to invade France through Belgium.

Second Battle of the Marne

A major French victory against the invading German army at the start of WWI. This was the beginning of the end of the war.

Fighting Style

Trench warfare

U-Boats

German submarines.

Lusitania

A British passenger liner that was sunk off coast of Ireland by German U-Boats. 128 Americans died. Significance: American public opinion turned against Germany, which was the beginning of U.S. road to entry into the war.

William Jennings Bryan

He was the Secretary of State during Wilson's presidency, but he resigned because he was a pacifist.

Sussex Ultimatum

After another attack of a French passenger steamer the Sussex, Wilson told Germany that unless they stopped sinking merchant ships without warning, he would break diplomatic relations, which would be a prelude to war. Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning, but demanded that the U.S. would have to persuade the Allies to stop the blockade.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

German policy announced in January of 1917 that stated all ships would be sunk including American ships. They used the Sussex pledge to justify this policy as U.S. had not persuaded the Allies to stop the blockade. The Germans believed the U.S. would enter the war too late.

Zimmerman Note

A note sent from Germany to Mexico, intercepted by Britain, which proposed a secret alliance with Mexico; if Germany won the war, they would help Mexico get back TX, NM, and AZ.

Ways of financing the War

Liberty Bonds and income taxes.

"He kept us out of war"

Campaign slogan in 1916 for Woodrow Wilson; ironically, he contradicted it two weeks after taking office again.

Leader of the Russian Revolution

Vladimir Lenin

When the U.S. joined the war

April 6, 1917

Espionage Act

1917 act gave the government new ways to combat spying and set heavy fines and long prison terms for antiwar activities

Schenck v. US

1919 Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of the Espionage Act was upheld in a case of a man who was imprisoned for distributing pamphlets against the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a "clear and present danger" to public safety

14 Points

Woodrow Wilson's peace plan, set out before war ended, helped bring it to and end because it helped Germans look forward to peace and be willing to surrender, was easy on the germans punishment for war. Points included: poeple all over the world are to determine their own fate, (self-determination)no colonial powers grabbing nations, free trade, no secret pacts, freedom of the seas, arms reduction, creation of world orginization/League of Nations.

The Big Four

Wilson - US; David Lloyd George - Britain; Georges Clemenceau - France; Vittorio Orlando - Italy;

Article 231

"war-guilt" clause, placed the sole blame for WWI on Germany. Germany was obliged to pay reparations to the Allies; $31 billion. Germany was forced to accept severe military restrictions and loss of territory and was left out of the League of Nations.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

Reasons U.S. went to war

Lusitania incident, Zimmerman telegram, and propaganda influenced the general population to join the war.

Significance of Russian Revolution to U.S.

Communist Russia would be out of the war, therefore the U.S. wouldn't have to be allies with them.

War Industry Board

Board created during World War I to coordinate all facets of industrial and agricultural production, sought to guarantee that not only the United States but also the rest of the Allies would be well supplied

Why is this an ugly chapter in U.S. history?

Espionage Act and there were thousands of strikes.

Emma Goldman

An outspoken radical who was deported after being arrested on charges of being an anarchist, socialist, or labour agitator.

W.E.B. Du Bois

1868-1963. American civil rights activist, public intellectual, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar. First African-American to receive Ph.D. from Harvard in 1895. Battled twentieth century racism as civil rights leader.

18th & 19th Amendments

18th prohibition, 19th Female suffrage

What is the legacy of WWI

A. US became world's economic and political leader

B. Russian Revolution ultimately instituted communism

C. Britain, France, Austria and Turkey went into various states of decline

D. Germany devastated by Versailles Treaty

-- Led to the eventual rise of Hitler and WWII

Impact on American Society

A. Women played an increased role in the economy and volunteerism for the war effort, and they gained suffrage.

B. Prohibition of alcohol.

C. Massive migration of African Americans to the North which led to large-scale race riots.

D. Increased nativism.