Fundamental Midterm

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39 Terms

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Normal Adult Temperature

97.5 - 99.5°F (36.5 - 37.3°C)

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Normal Adult Pulse Rate
60 - 100 bpm
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Normal Adult Respirations
12 - 20 breaths/min
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Normal Adult Blood Pressure

100-119/60-79 mmHg

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Normal Adult Oxygen Saturation

≥ 90%.

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Primary Techniques in Physical Assessment
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation.
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Supine Position
Lying flat on back, used for general assessment.
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Prone Position

Lying on stomach, used for assessing back/lungs.

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Fowler's Position

Upright 45°(semi)-90°(high), used for patients with breathing issues, and help digest.

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Lateral Position

Side-lying, reduces pressure ulcers.

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Lithotomy Position
Supine with legs in stirrups, used for pelvic exams.
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Trendelenburg Position
Head lower than feet, used for hypotension/shock.
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Isotonic IV Fluids

0.9% NS (Normal saline), LR (Lactated Ringer's solution) , D5W (dextrose in water); expands intravascular volume.

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Hypotonic IV Fluids

0.45% NS; moves fluid into cells.

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Hypertonic IV Fluids

D5NS (dextrose in normal saline), D5LR (Lactated Ringer's solution), 3% NS (normal saline); pulls fluid out of cells.

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Best IV Fluid for Burn Patients
Lactated Ringer’s (LR) replaces fluids and electrolytes.
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IV Solution to Avoid in ICP
Hypotonic solutions like 0.45% NS can cause brain swelling.
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Types of Isolation Precautions
Standard, Contact, Droplet, Airborne, Protective.
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PPE for C. difficile
Gown and gloves, must wash hands with soap & water.
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Correct Order for Donning PPE
Gown → Mask → Goggles → Gloves.
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Correct Order for Doffing PPE
Gloves → Goggles → Gown → Mask.
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Types of Documentation Methods
Narrative, SOAP, PIE, DAR.
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SBAR in Communication
Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation.
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Golden Rule of Documentation
If it wasn’t documented, it wasn’t done!
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Stages of Sleep

NREM(non-rapid eye movement sleep) Stage 1, 2, 3, REM (rapid eye movement) Sleep.

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Effects of Lack of Sleep
Increases risk of heart disease, weakens immune system.
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Calculating I&O (Intake and Output)
Total intake - Total output = Net fluid balance.
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1 oz in mL
30 mL.
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Total mL from 8 oz juice, 4 oz milk, 2 oz water
(8+4+2) x 30 = 420 mL.
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Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy

Physiological (food/water), Safety(shelter), Love/Belonging(friends, family), Esteem (Respect), Self-Actualization(self-love).

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Patient Attention Priority
Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABCs) ALWAYS come first!
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Fire Safety Steps (RACE)
Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish.
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PASS Method for Fire Extinguisher
Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.
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Priority Action for Anaphylaxis
Give epinephrine, maintain airway, call for help.
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Common Side Effect of Opioids
Respiratory depression, constipation, sedation.
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Major Risk of NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen)
GI bleeding, kidney damage.
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Medication Causing Ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin), Furosemide (Lasix).
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Types of Pain
Acute, Chronic, Neuropathic, Nociceptive, Referred.
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Most Reliable Indicator of Pain
The patient’s self-report!