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Increasing muscle mass thru exercise is primarily due to...
Correct!
increasing the thickness of existing muscle fibers.
An olympic sprinter will tend to have more thicker muscle fibers relying on glycolytic metabolism.
True
Smooth muscle is under voluntary control.
False
Reflex arcs are an exception to the rule that skeletal muscle is always under voluntary control.
True
During voluntary movement, you change your body posture....
before you move in anticipation of the movement AND after initiating the movement to compensate or correct your body's position.
The calcium pumps (Ca2+ ATPase) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are examples of...
active transport
The muscle twitch (i.e. the contraction-relaxation cycle) is much faster than an action potential.
False
Release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction typically results in...
opening of chemically-gated sodium channels.
opening of voltage-gated sodium channels.
release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Motor neurons typically control multiple muscles cells.
True
In skeletal muscle cells, incoming electrical signals travel through the...
T-tubules
The structural elements responsible for the striated appearance of skeletal muscle are called...
sarcomeres
The inner ear houses two fluid filled structures. Which of these is critical to equilibrium?
semicircular canals
What features are shared (or similar) between hearing and vision?
pathways from paired sensory organs diverge and cross over on the way to the CNS
information is relayed thru the thalamus
they both involve some type of tonic receptor
The lens bends light and focuses it onto the...
fovea
The primary sensory neurons in your retina are depolarized, the concentration of cyclicGMP in your rods is high, and cyclic-nucleotide gated channels are open. It is likely..
night time
Which of these is most likely an example of top-down processing in the visual system?
an optical illusion
The sensory system does all of the following EXCEPT...
projects nerves and signals to effect change in target muscles
The sensory system does all of the following:
encode information from the environment
relay information about the environment to the CNS
detect change in the environment
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of olfaction?
Olfaction is one of the three senses contributing to our sense of equilibrium.
Characteristics of the olfaction
Neurons from the olfactory bulb interact with the amygdala and hippocampus.
Olfactory neurons die and are replaced by new neurons roughly every 2 months.
The olfactory tracts do not directly relay to the CNS via the thalamus.
The taste receptor cells are NOT neurons.
True
A person with defective rods will have trouble...
seeing well in the dark.
distinguishing shapes at the periphery of the visual field.
A blind spot in the retina occurs where...
the optic nerve leaves the eye.
iris
controls diameter of pupil
rhodopsin
light receptor
tectorial membrane
stimulates hair cells
cristae in ampullae
sense rotational movement
otoliths in maculae
sense lateral movement
The primary purpose of the middle ear bony structures (maleus, incus and stapes) is to...
amplify the vibration as it conducts to the cochlea.
You work at the Tabasco factory in Louisiana. You spend your workday blending barrels of fermented chili peppers with vinegar and bottling hot sauce. The smells do not bother you, because...
Olfactory receptors are phasic, they quickly adapt to constant stimulus.
Skeletal muscle contraction starts when the muscle fiber depolarizes due to the release of calcium into the cytoplasm.
False
Why does rigor mortis occur after death?
There is no ATP available to bind to myosin.
Myosin is tightly bound to actin.
Which is a potential energy source for an athlete sprinting the 40-yard dash?
phosphocreatine
Which about smooth muscle contraction is FALSE?
Troponin plays the same role as in skeletal muscle.
As a protective mechanism, stretching a skeletal muscle fiber causes sensory neurons to ______ their rate of firing.
increase
_______ receive blood from outside of the heart, while ______ receive blood from within the heart.
atria, ventricles
Match the cardiac muscle cell feature to its function:
desmosome - keep cells linked
gap junctions - allow signals to quickly pass
autorythmia - self-generated action potentials
When the membrane potential of autorhythmic cells reaches threshold (-40 mV), it triggers...
the opening of voltage-gated Ca++ channels.
Cardiac contractile cells have relatively short, straight T-tubules compared to other muscle cell types.
false
Arterioles do NOT have any connective tissue.
false
Exchange of cellular products primarily occurs at the..
capillaries
Which of the following would you expect to be true?
Tissues with high metabolic activity have dense capillary networks.
smooth muscle contraction requires Ca2+ to enter from outside the cell
False
during voluntary movement you change your body posture..
both in anticipation of the movement and after initiating move
smooth muscles are activated when…
signals fromautonomic neurons bind chemically-gated channels
stretch receptors open mechanically gated channels
intracellular regulatory signals open “store activated” channels
which statement is true abt skeletal muscle contraraction
z-discs move closer to eachother
age related sensorineural hearing loss commonly presents as the inability to hear high pitch sounds
true