Honors World History Chapter 6 - Roaring 20's and the New Deal

19th Amendment

gave women the right to vote; symbolized a new freedom for women

changes in lives of women

wore shorter skirts, cut their hair short, wore more makeup; moved to work in factories rather than the home

flappers

young women who rejected strict values of the past and pushed for more open attitudes toward lifestyle, fashion, sex

change after WW1 in the lives of children

education grew; every state had laws requiring children to go to school up to a certain age

radio

became available in the 20s; changed speed that people gained info; helped national unity because everyone was listening to the same programs

movies

became popular

talkies

movies with sound; very popular; 1st was The Jazz Singer

how new inventions helped Americans

gave people more free time; gave women some leisure time; airplanes made travel time shorter

new inventions in the 20’s

home appliances: vacuum cleaners, mixers, washing machines

Henry Ford

invented the assembly line; created an affordable automobile that allowed people to buy cars and travel longer distances

assembly line

produced parts in a certain sequence

mass production

result of the assembly line; produced identical items in large quantities

Charles Lindbergh

1st pilot to fly solo and non-stop across the Atlantic

life with poverty in the 20’s

cars and trucks took the place of RR; shorter skirts required less material and required less demand for fabric; mines laid off workers because demand for coal fell due to use of oil; blacks/immigrants had to work for low wages; child labor laws were poorly enforced

discrimination against Blacks in the 20’s, how it worsened

whites felt that blacks were competing with them for jobs; blacks were only allowed to hold the most low-paying jobs at this time; blacks couldn’t rent in certain parts of cities due to prejudice; whites killed blacks for taking low-paying jobs

prejudice

unfavorable opinion or feeling formed before meeting a person based on non-profit characteristics

the movement blacks joined after tensions rose from mistreatment

Marcus Garvey’s Back to Africa Movement

what happened when blacks joined Marcus Garvey’s movement

hardly any returned to Africa, but it inspired unity among black people

racism in the 20’s that led to 5 million people joining the KKK

many Protestant white citizens were afraid of the growing power of blacks and Catholic immigrants

the KKK

Klu Klux Klan; worked to attack Jews, Catholics, and Blacks; put pressure on employers to fire black or immigrant workers, sent hate letters, burned crosses; lynched people to make others leave certain areas

lynching

death by hanging

2 events that led to the Red Scare in the US

Bolsheviks encouraged people around the world to revolt against their governments; anarchists tried to assassinate John Rockefeller and Attorney General Mitchell Palmer

anarchists

people who didn’t believe in any form of government

Red Scare

US period where many people were arrested and jailed but had to be released because there was no evidence of conspiracy; suspicion of foreigners grew

Sacco and Vanzetti

2 Italian immigrants accused of robbery and murder in Massachusetts; atheists and anarchists

the Sacco and Vanzetti trial

Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of robbery and murder in Massachusetts; judge was prejudiced and would not admit their testimony in court when he found out they were anarchists and atheists; convicted and executed with limited evidence

atheists

don’t believe in God

John Scopes and his trial

accused of violating a Tennessee law stating that he could not teach Darwin’s theory of evolution in any state-run dead school; creationists versus evolutionists

evolutionist

believed that higher forms of life developed from lower ones

creationist

used the Bible’s accounts of life’s origins

why did Congress almost restrict all immigration

the growth and power of the KKK and the nativists

nativists

people who were afraid of foreigners entering the US

Emergency Quota Act

set up a quota system favoring northern European immigration

quota

an immigrant’s number, used to limit the amount of immigrants entering the US

US gave preferential immigration status to those from…

northern Europe and Britain because of their lighter complexions and Protestant beliefs

Prohibition

18th Amendment; forbade the making and selling of alcohol

Volstead Act

passed by Congress; enforced the Prohibition and overrode President Wilson’s veto of the 18th Amendment; set fines and prison terms for violation of the law

during the prohibition, people drank..

their own alcohol and went to speakeasies

speakeasies

hidden bars

bootleggers

made huge fortunes by smuggling alcohol into the US from Canada and the Caribbean; mobs and organized crime became more abundant due to this

Al Capone

the most famous gangster; made millions distributing alcohol to 10,000 speakeasies

21st Amendment

repealed the 18th Amendment

factors of the disparity of income

small class of wealthy people, larger class of poor; wages did not increase as fast as the price of goods; businesses and farms produced a surplus but consumer spending dropped; workers in factories did not receive wages that kept up with the cost of living; farmers were deep in debt; Black’s couldn’t find jobs; Latinos from Mexico worked as migrant workers

migrant workers

worked seasonally and received low wages; lived in slums

before the depression, the US experienced a strong ___ market; investors…

bull; investors purchased stock for as little as 10% down and borrowed the rest of the money

bull market

market where stock prices rise

stock market crash

stock prices fell and investors tried to sell their investments; brokers who financed the investors couldn’t pay their credit with the banks; people with savings accounts were worried that they would lose that money when the banks lost cash; businesses closed because they couldn’t pay their expenses

events leading up to the Great Depression

the stock market crash; increased poverty; high unemployment

the Great depression was a ____ depression

global

factors leading to the agriculture depression

too much food was produced, so surpluses drove prices down, and the harvest could not pay for the farm anymore, and many farms declared bankruptcy; Dust Bowl

Dust Bowl

winds picked up loose soil and blew it across parts of the nation

agriculture depression

people left farms and moved to Pacific coast looking for work

order of presidents after Wilson

Harding, Coolidge, Hoover, FDR

Warren G Harding’s presidency

many in his administration were accused of wrongdoings that led to political scandals; died in office, Coolidge took over

what happened under Hoover’s administration

economy suffered greatly; many people were out of work and went to cities to find it; businesses shut down and farmer’s lost their farms because no one had money to buy products

2 reasons people hated Hoover

blamed for the Great Depression; treatment of the Bonus Army

Hoovervilles

communities of tents on the outskirts of cities

Bonus Army incident

WW1 vets marched on Washington demanding early payment on a war bonus that wasn’t supposed to be paid until 1945; Hoover sent General MacArthur to break up the camp, burnt tents down and removed protestors

FDR and his 3 R’s; what happened

won by a landslide; relief, recovery, reform; the size of the government greatly increased; people demanded that the government take responsibility for safeguarding their economic well-being

Relief

designed to stop suffering by: providing direct payments or jobs to the unemployed; providing mortgage loans to help farmers and homeowners in danger of losing their property

Recovery

providing aid to farmers, business owners, workers, and by getting people back to work; government provided jobs for people by building roads, highways, public buildings, dams, and parks

Reform

was put into place to make sure there was another depression

Hundred Days

FDR’s 1st 100 days in office; when the 3 R’s were implemented

effect of the reforms

controversial; restored confidence in the country and improved the economy

Agricultural Adjustment Act

government gave loans to farmers and paid farmers not to grow food so prices would go up

Social Security Act

provides retirement income for all workers once they reach age 65

Fair Labor Standards Act

raised minimum wage to 40 cents an hour, set max hours of work to 44 a week, and ended child labor under age 16

National Labor Relations Act

Wagner Act; created a board to monitor unfair business management practices

Civilian Conservation Corps

provided employment for unmarried men between 17-23; these men worked in national parks installing electrical lines, fire towers, planting trees

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp

insured depositers up to $100,000 in case of bank failure; was used to stop people from withdrawing money from banks

Works Progress Adminstration

provided jobs for unskilled workers; built schools, hospitals, sewer lines, bridges, airfields, planted trees (helped stop the Dust Bowl)

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR’s plan to improve relations with Latin America; intent: 1 nation should not interfere with the other nation

Pan American Conference

FDR signed the Good Neighbor Policy here; stated that the US would not intervene in the affairs of another country

Francis Perkins

FDR’s Secretary of Labor; 1st woman to hold a cabinet position in the government; helped write minimum wage laws, including the Social Security Act

Mussolini’s rise to power/effects

Fascists won the election; Mussolini became the head of the government and “allowed” the king to resign; govt suspended freedom of speech, press, trial by jury; labor unions were under govt control, strikes were outlawed; uniformed secret police spied on everyone

who coined the term Fascism

Benito Mussolini

Fascism

the doctrine of the Fascist Party; emphasized loyalty to the state and it's leader; relied on dictatorship and totalitarianism

Mussolini’s view of democracy

a weak and ineffective form of government

why was Italy upset after WW1

mad about their lack of territorial gains after WW1

totalitarianism

1 political party rules under a dictator and bans all others

comparison: communism

appealed to workers; promised to achieve a society without social classes in which property is shared by the community

comparison: fascism

appealed to upper and middle class; promised to preserve existing social classes and the ownership of private property

why did Germans hate the Weimar Republic

it signed the Treaty of Versailles; it was a traitor to Germany’s interests

Beer Hall Putsch

attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic; led by Adolf Hitler; gained support of the Nazis; Hitler was imprisoned

Mein Kampf

My Struggle; written by Hitler in prison; outlined his plan for racial purity through the total elimination of “impure” people's and Jews

Hitler’s promises/why people followed him

Hitler promised to repeal the Treaty of Versailles and restore Germany’s military power; said that Germans were the master race; he pledged to return Germany to glory

Nazi Party

extremely nationalistic, anti-Semitic, anti-communist

the 3 “reichs” of Germany

1st: Holy Roman Empire; 2nd: Empire of Hohenzollern (Frederick the Great); 3rd: Hitler’s promise of returning Germany to glory

USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

New Economic Policy

announced by Lenin; heavy industry, communications, transportation, credit system were all under government control; some private businesses were allowed

Stalin

advocated for “socialism in one country” that would spread to the rest of the world; ended New Economic Policy since he thought the economy was not growing fast enough; returned to command economy; made the Five Year Plan

command economy

government controlled all economic decisions

Five Year Plan

ambitious goals to turn the Soviet Union into a modern, industrial society with improved national defense; government forced people to accept it; brought great hardships

collectives

peasants had to merge farms and farm them together; 90% became collectives; decreased agricultural output and caused millions to die of famine and crop failure

describe Stalin’s dictatorship

people had to obey Communist Party or face death or imprisonment; government controlled religion and art;

how Stalin controlled religion

discouraged religious worship and seized property of Orthodox Church; rabbis, priests, and ministers were imprisoned or executed; no religious instruction in school;

how Stalin controlled art

artists were subject to government control; ordered to produce works of “socialist realism” as proof of loyalty to the state

Purge

large scale elimination of party members who were disloyal to Stalin; expanded to general population; people could be imprisoned without a fair trial for a very minor offense

another reason Stalin is comparable to Hitler

more than 5 million people had been arrested, deported, imprisoned in labor camps, or executed