Types of Immune Cells Part I

Immune Cell Functions

Where does immune cells come from?

develops from HSC in bone marrow

what are the two major differentiation tracks for white blood cells?

myeloid lineage and lymphoid lineage

What lineage are macrophages, granulocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells?

Innate myeloid lineage

what are macrophages good at?

professional eaters of immune system

phagocytosis

what is the process of a cell engulfin and digesting a pathogen?

phagocytosis

how does macrophages keep tissues free from cellular debris?

phagocytosing dead and dying self cells

what macrophages are originated in the yolk sac and not bone marrow?

tissue-resident macrophages

what does monocytes differentiate into?

macrophages

what are the granules of granulocytes?

antimicrobial chemicals that can be released during an infection to kill pathogens

what are the different types of granulocytes?

mast cells, basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils

what are PMNs ?

they have multi-lobed shape nuclei

what does PMN stand for?

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

which is the most abundant immune cell type?

neutrophils

what are characteristics of neutrophils?

first to arrive to the site of infection

good at phagocytosis 

short life-span

produce pus in infections

what are characteristics of eosinophils?

release many cytokines + other chemical factors

important for promoting wound healing + tissue repair

what are characteristics of basophils?

least common

largest type of granulocyte

secrete cytokines

what are characteristics of mast cells?

don’t have multi-lobe nucleous

found in connecting tissue 

___are important to kill ___ because they are too big to be destroyed by ___

masst cells, eosinophils, basophils

parasites

phagocytosis

what cells are responsible for promoting allergies + asthma?

mast cells, eosinophils, basophils

what are dendritic cells not heavily involved in?

pathogen clearance

dendritic cells patrol tissues to take antigens where and to do what?

lymph nodes

activate T cells to neutralize pathogen

____are critical to link the innate and adaptive immune systems

dendritic cells

What lineage includes NK (natural killar cells)?

Innate lymphoid lineage

what are some characteristics of NKs?

recognize + kill cancer cells and virally infected cells

what are characteristics of innate lymphoid cells?

sense microbial cues and stress signals

respond to a diverse range of microbial threats

these ___  cells derives from the lymphoid lineage and are called ___

adaptive immune

lymphocytes

what is the main role of B cells?

create antibodies

what can coat pathogens and foreign particles?

antibodies from B cells

__blocks pathogens from entering cells and __ marks them for destruction

antibodies

phagocytes

what does B cells need to become fully activated?

T cells

what are the 3 main types of T cells?

Helper T cells, killer T cells, regulatory T cells

what T cells is characterized by killing cancerous or infected self cells and their cluster differentiation (surface protein)?

Killer cells with CD8

what T cells are characterized for help to activate B cells and secrete cytokines, and their cluster differentiation (surface protein)?

Helper cells with CD4

what T cells is characterized for secreting cytokins to tone down the immune response and can kill killer T cells, and their cluster differentiation (surface protein)?

Regulatory T cells with FoxP3 CD4

how does immune cells communicate with each other?

cytokines and chemokines