CH. 21 & 22 practice ?'s

Innate and Adaptive

The two types of immune mechanisms.

Adaptive Immunity

Mechanisms that recognize specific threatening agents and respond by targeting them.

Interferon

Protein that prevents viruses from multiplying in cells.

Clone

A family of cells, all of which have descended from one cell.

Antigen

Macromolecules that induce an immune response and identify cells as 'self' or 'non-self'.

Effector Cell

A B or T cell that is actively producing an immune response.

Artificial Immunity

Immunity that occurs by exposure to harmful antigens through immunization.

Allergy

Hypersensitivity of the immune system to relatively harmless environmental antigens.

IgG

Antibody that makes up 75% of all antibodies in the blood and can cross the placental barrier.

IgE

Antibody that can produce major harmful effects associated with allergies.

IgM

Antibody produced by immature B cells and predominant after initial contact with an antigen.

IgA

Antibody present in mucous membranes, saliva, and tears.

Diapedesis

Movement of phagocytes through blood vessels and into inflamed tissues.

Complement

Inactive enzymes that lyse foreign cells.

Species Resistance

Resistance provided by genetic characteristics against certain pathogens.

Chemotaxis

Attraction of additional WBCs to an area of inflammation in response to mediators.

Thymus

Organ that raises immature T cells to maturity.

Lymph

Fluid that fills spaces between cells.

Antigens

Proteins that are recognized by the immune system as foreign.

Macrophages

Cells that fight microbes and are found in the spleen, red bone marrow, and lymph nodes.

First Line of Defense

Physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes.

Nonspecific Defenses

Anatomical barriers and defense mechanisms that cannot distinguish threats.

Hem lymph from blood

Difference in protein content between lymph and plasma.

T-helper Cells

Cell that assists in the regulation and coordination of the immune response.

Spleen

Organ containing the largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body.