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define positivism
belief that society should be studied scientifically through objective, observable, measurable methods
what are the 2 key features of positivists approach
nature is made up of objective, observable, physical facts
society is an objective factual reality made of undiscovered social facts
what do they argue in relation to patterns, laws and inductive reasoning
reality is not random or chaotic but patterned and are observable through empirical patterns
define inductive reasoning
Building theories from specific observations
what does induction involve accumulating
accumulating data about the world through careful observations
fill the blanks
‘positivists believe that real laws are ________ that will explain these patterns and _________ how society works
discoverable
determine
define verificationism
where sociological theories are valid and can be empirically observed and repeated
name the methods positivists use
questionnaires
structured interviews
official statistics
what are the benefits of official statistics
avoids risk of influencing interviewees
produce reliable data
what did Durkheim study of suicide show
that suicide rates are determined by levels of social integration and regulation.