Unit 5 - The Civil War (Quiz 1, terms 1-25)

Wilson APUSH LHS '25 made by daniel

Stephen Austin

Stephen Austin

• The “father of Texas”

• Promoted American immigration into Texas via land grants and contracts he had w/ Mexico (they wanted to populate empy land)

• Wanted to make Tex a separate state and was arrested by Mexican Congress for suggesting this w/o their approval

• Secretary of State for Sam Houston (pres of Republic of Texas (aka Lone Star republic)

General Santa Anna

• Dictator who seized power during Mexico’s uprising against Spain in 1833

• leader of Mexico in Mexican War

  • Kind of an L leader overall? Lost Tex, Cali, and a lot of the American West to the US.

Alamo and Goliad

Alamo

• Remember the Alamo

• Santa Anna and his troops led multiple assaults on Texans in a San Antonio mission; they “fought to the death” and it became a battle cry.

Goliad

• March 27, 1836

• overshadowed by the fall of the Alamo, the Goliad Massacre claimed the lives of twice as many Texas rebels

both garnered support for the cause against Mexico

Battle of San Jacinto

• Major Santa Anna L

• He lost the battle and got captured (smh)

Sam Houston

• American lawyer and politician

• Leader in the Texas Revolution

• First and only president of the Republic of Texas (Lone Star Republic)

• Instrmental in the annexation of Texas as a state in 1845

Manifest destiny

• It was a God given right and duty for American citizens to expand their country from sea to sea

Oregon Boundary Dispute

• US and Brit were beefin over how much of Oregon they got

• Expansionists were pushing for Polk to take all of Oregon Country (54’40 or fight)

• Buchanan-Pakenham treaty extended American territory in Oregon, up to the 49th parallel. ‘Twas satisfactory to all but the most extreme expansionists

Stephen Austin

• The “father of Texas”

• Promoted American immigration into Texas via land grants and contracts he had w/ Mexico (they wanted to populate empy land)

• Wanted to make Tex a separate state and was arrested by Mexican Congress for suggesting this w/o their approval

• Secretary of State for Sam Houston (pres of Republic of Texas (aka Lone Star republic)

James K. Polk

• “Dark horse” candidate in the Election of 1844

• basically he wasn’t the favorite to win

• Clay was salty af that he lost to a comparative newbie in the political space

• Promoted expansionism; wanted annexation of Texas and more Oregon and so he got a lot of Southern support

Henry Clay

• The Great Compromiser

• Ran for president 3 times and failed

• Speaker of the House then Secretary of State under JQA (corrupt bargain!)

• American system dude

Annexation of Texas

• Was a hot topic; no one really wanted to touch it b/c it was divisive btwn North and South

• North didn’t want it b/c they thought it’d promote slavery and disturb the Union’s balance of slave vs free states

• South wanted it for that reason; more slave state power

Oregon Treaty of 1846

• Ended US & Brit joint occupancy of Oregon territory

• Divvied it up along the 49th parallel

• Solved the Oregon Crisis for all but the most rabid expansionists

Wilmot Proviso

• by David Wilmot, 1846, UNsuccessful

• proposed that the US Congress ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican–American War

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Treaty that ended the Mexican War

• Santa Anna was given $15million for CA area, Texas, and New Mexico

• Mexico ended up “selling” more than half of its land to the US, and in doing so doubled the size of the US

Zachary Taylor

• 12th president, pres from 1849-1850 when he died of illness

• Was a general under Polk in the Mexican War, he and his men were the first to keep poking and poking until they got poked back.

Gold Rush

• A rush for gold

• 1848–1855, James W. Marshall found gold at Sutter’s Mill

• brought approximately 300K ppl to CA

John C. Calhoun

• South Carolina governor

• Influential leader of slave state rights and sought to protect the rights of White Southerners

Stephen A. Douglas

• Former Illinois senator that tried ran as one of the two nominees from the Dem party

• Lost to Abe Lincoln

• Supported popular sovereignty, this lost him support from Republicans who favored Lincoln’s stance that it defied Congress’s responsibility to make national decisions

popular sovereignty

• The idea that territories could determine their own stance on slavery based on the votes of their citizens

• T’was a short term solution for sectional divides

• Highly controversial and became a part of the central debate btwn Lincoln and Douglas.

Compromise of 1850

• CA came in as a free state

• Texas & US border established

• territorial govt for Utah and New Mexico

• Promoted popular sovereignty,

• amended fugitive slave act (1850) so that slaves in free states had to be returned to their owners.

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• Slaves had to be returned to their owners even if they were found in a free state.

Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

• a popular novel that helped to spread the harsh and unjust reality of slavery

• The book angered the south and inspired more abolitionism from the north.

Franklin Pierce

• 14th pres of the US, elected in 1852, democratic

• Supporter of Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 Amendment

• Signed the Gadsden Purchase of land from Mexico

• Tried to buy Cuba and failed

• pro slavery

Gadsden Purchase

• 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico.

• provided the land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad

• attempted to resolve conflicts that lingered after the Mexican-American War

Ostend Manifesto

• US diplomats said US should purchase Spain

• If purchase not possible, then seize by force

• Stemmed from height of expansionism and fear of slave revolt as was the case in Haiti